every second beat is a PVC trigemity: every third beat is a PVC (wide QRS)

Miscellaneous Flashcards by Colleen Caribardi

Who does medicare provide medical coverage to?

individuals > 65 y/o
disabled
those with ESRD

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What is Medicare’s prospective payment system based on?

Diagnostic-related groups (DRGs)

Places patients into disease categories or groups

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(true/false) Medicare A covers all medical expenses of long-term or custodial care.

True

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(true/false) Medicaid benefits are the same in all states

False

individual states determine the scope, duration, and amount of services provided

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(true/false) preauthorization is needed for medicare and not medicaid.

FALSE (required for medicaid)

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What must a person pay for medicare A?

Annual deductible fee

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What must a person pay for medicare B?

Monthly premium

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(true/false) With medicare, PT provided by a PT aide is reimbersable regardless of supervision

FALSE

Only SPTs

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Insurance type that includes commercial insurance, fee-for-service / traditional indemnity plans, or employers who are self-insured

private health insurance

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What is a HMO?

Form of managed care that provides a broad spectrum of health services for a preset amount of money

Allow members to seek healthcare outside of the network but at a higher or additional cost to the patient

Has a small copay for members using providers within the network

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(true/false) With a HMO, a patient that is seeking additional care (such as PT), must have authorization through their PCP (“gatekeeper”)

true

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(true/false) The numer of PT visits when a person is part of an HMO is unlimited

FALSE - limited number of visits

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What are the two types of HMOs?

**Individual practice associations (IPA) **- contract independently with the HMO and work out of their own office
Prepaid Group plan (PGP) - physicians practice in a central facility

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What is a PPO?

Group of providers that offer healthcare services as an entity to their employers - discount their fees to attract patients

Pts are not locked into the PPO providers but receive financial incentives to use services through that network

Preauthorization is needed before services can be provided

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Definition:

A flat bundled reimbursement rate that is established based on the diagnosis- predetermined dollar amount:
- per diem / per day
- per visit
- per episode of service

Case-based rate

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Definition:

Tax-free savings account that can be used to pay for health-related expenses and reiree health expenses

Health Savings Account

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(true/false) Those who have a health savings account must have a high-deductible health plan

–> insurance product that covers catastrophic health occurrences

true

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Stage of RA

joint pain and stiffness
no visible bone damage on XR
slight swelling (primarily in fingers and toes)
fatigue and malaise

stage I

early RA

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stage of RA

cartilage damage, stiffness, and decreased ROM
persistent symptoms
joint swelling that is more noticeable in the morning

stage II

moderate RA

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stage of RA

bone damage, cartilage loss, and joint deformity
progressed pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility
thickened knuckles
twisted fingers
higher risk of CTS

Stage III

severe RA

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stage of RA

bony or fibrous ankylosis
severe pain, swelling, and stiffness
loss of mobility

stage IV

end-stage RA

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What is the RPE for light exertion?

11-12

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What is the RPE for hard exertion?

15-16

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What is the RPE for very hard exertion?

17-18

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What is the RPE for extremely hard exertion?

What is the RPE for max exertion?

What is the RPE for no exertion?

(true/false) With dehydration, the pinch skin test (turgor) will present with no raising of the skin

FALSE | raised skin for >5 seconds

What is scheuermann disease?

Kyphosis of the spine that develops in early adolesence | juvenile kyphosis, juvenile discogenic disease

Describe bigemity

every second beat is a PVC ## Footnote trigemity: every third beat is a PVC (wide QRS)

# diagnosis - irregular vertebral end plates - anterior wedging of 3+ consecutive vertebrae that measures > 5 degrees - painful EXT and ROT - lordosis and kyphosis - hunchback appearance - disc space narrowing

scheuermann's disease

(true/false) EXT acitivities should be avoided in those with osteoporosis

FALSE | FLX should be avoided due to increased risk of vertebral compression fx

# definition inability to localize a sensation

atopognosia

# definition loss of all pain

analgesia

# definition rhythmic oscillations of the head

titubation | commonly seen with cerebellar pathology

Those with cerebellar pathology will have (increased/decreased) DTRs and tone

decreased

What is pendular nystagmus a symptom of?

central vestibular pathology

General outline for low-rate TENS. Pulse freq: Pulse duration:

frequency: 2-10 pps duration: 200-300 microseconds

General outline for high-rate TENS. pulse freq: pulse duration

frequency: 100-150 pps duration: 50-80 microseconds

What is the cullen sign? What diagnosis does it rule in?

Blue discoloration of the periumbilical area Indicates acute pancreatitis

What is the Grey Turner's sign? What diagnosis does it rule in?

red-brown coloring of the abdomen indicates hemorrhagic pancreatitis

What gait deviation can a lesion of the superior gluteal nerve cause?

ipsilateral trunk lean

What gait deviation can a lesion of the inferior gluteal nerve cause?

posterior thrust of the trunk at initial contact

What is Blumberg's sign? What does it indicate?

Rebound tenderness indicating appendicitis

What is the pinch an inch test for appendicitis?

Pinch a fold of skin over McBurney's point and look for pain

What happens to the piriformis at 120 degrees of FLX

Switches actions becomes a IR and ABD

What causes cushing's disease?

tumor on the pituitary gland causing an increased level of ACTH and cortisol to bbe released from the adrenal gland

What drug class is candesartan from?

angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) | regulates HTN, HF, and A-fib ## Footnote Side effects: hypotension and increased potassium

What is telangiectasia?

Spider web-like skin condition

What is the presentation of homonymous hemianopsia with a R CVA?

Left homonymous hemianopsia with the image displayed on the right side of visual field

What are meissner's corpuscles used for?

discriminative touch and movement of objects over the skin

What are ruffini endings used for?

joint position

What are krause's end bulbs used for?

touch and pressure

What are pacinian corpuscles used for?

deep touch and vibration

What type of cough will be present with an aortic aneurysm?

Brassy

What is the correct exsc prescription for inspiratory muscle training?

minimum 4-5 x/wk with 30% max inspiratory pressure measured at FRC 2x15 min/day

What structures are affected by horner's syndrome?

- descending sympathetic tracts - CN IX - CN X - spinothalamic tract

What is the triad for horner's syndrome?

miosis (constricted pupils), ptosis, decreased sweating

What causes locked-in syndrome?

complete block of the basilar artery | causes tetraplegia and coma with NO impact to cognition

What movements must you avoid with anterior THA?

FABER | Also transfer to sound side

Describe homan's sign

passive DF with knee EXT | (+) discomfort = indicates possible DVT

What is homan's sign used to identify?

DVT

What is Cozens test? What is it used for?

Resisted wrist EXT lateral epicondylitis

What are the aggs of spondylolisthesis?

repetitive EXT and standing/bending to lift objects

What alleviates pain caused by spondylisthesis?

sitting

(true/false) A side effect of TB medication is red-orange discoloration of body fluid

true

What movements are limited with avascular necrosis of the hip?

FABIR

(true/false) Maternal RR during pregnancy adapts to mild exercise and increases proportionately with moderate and high intensity exercise

False: RR adapts to mild exercise but will NOT increase proportionately with moderate or high intensity exercise

Maternal hematocrit (increases/decreases) during pregnancy.

decreases | will increase with vigorous exercise

What will occur with maternal cardiac reserve during exercise while pregnant?

will decrease

What will occur with maternal CO and SV during steady state exercise while pregnant?

increase

What are calcium channel blockers commonly used for?

arrythmias

# diagnosis - net-like pattern on XR - dry cough - fatigue - weakness - SOB - weight loss and decreased appetite

pulmonary fibrosis

How long does normal bone healing occur in children?

4-8 wks

How long does normal bone healing occur in adults?

10-18 wks

What degree of burn is most likely to develop a keloid scar?

deep-partial thickness

Atelectasis pulls the trachea to the (Same/opposite) side

same

Pneumothorax pushes the trachea to the (same/opposite) side

opposite

What nerve injury causes the hand of benediction?

median nerve | 2nd and 3rd digits are stuck in EXT

What is milroy's disease?

genetic condition that affects the lymphatic system and causes fluid build up in the body resulting in swelling | Type I hereditary lymphedema, congenital familial lymphedema

For a pt with a meniscus tear, do not perform FLX > ___ degrees for the first 4 weeks

> 45

A persistent _____ reflex will interfere with the crawling milestone of an infant

STNR

A persistent ____ reflex will interfere with hand-mouth activities and predisposes the child to developing scoliosis

ATNR

A persistent ____ reflex will interfere with rolling activities in an infant?

Tonic labyrinthine

# Type of posture - pelvis shifts anteriorly causing the hips and knees to be hyperEXT causing a flat back - favored leg tends to be longer in standing - elongated neck flexors

swayback

# diagnosis - hypotension - bradycardia - cyanosis - decreased CO - peripheral vasodilation

neurogenic shock | can be mistaken as autonomic dysreflexia (increased BP and tachycardia)

What is V-tach?

3+ consecutive PVCs | emergency

Terminate exercise if there is more than ____ PVCs within one minute

Describe the stork test and what it is used for.

Pt stands on ipsilateral leg resulting in pain within the lumbar region Identifies possible pars interarticularis Fx (spondylothesis)

Chronic pedal edema is an important symptom to identify with what type of insufficiency?

chronic venous insufficiency

What are side effects of thiazides?

- frequent urination - cramps - weakness - nausea - hyperglycemia - hypokalemia - postural hypotension - flat or inverted T waves

What structure regulates the stimulation of the SNS?

hypothalamus

What is aldosterone used for?

regulation of fluid balance and BP

What acute changes occur after aerobic exercise? SV CO minute ventilation total peripheral resistance

increased increased increased decreased

central cord syndrome has greater (motor/sensory) deficits

motor > sensory

central cord syndrome has more (LE/UE) neuro involvement

paralysis agitans

uncoordinated goal-directed action

dysmetria

March Fx

metatarsal stress FX

Peroneal nerve palsy

drop foot

radial nerve palsy

wrist drop

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

GBS

iliopsoas muscle test

thomas test

Paratendonitis of APL and EPB

de quervain's

Bamboo spine

ankylosing spondylitis

Marie strumpell disease

ankylosing spondylitis

Crutch palsy

radial nerve compression

athletic pubalgia

sports hernia

FDP tendon rupture

jersey finger

Miscellaneous Flashcards

(109 cards)