Although Lamia tries hard to pay attention in class, she is having difficulty remembering the step-by-step instructions her teacher gave them for their new science project. Lamia is struggling with:
Working memory
Hector proudly shows off his binder of baseball cards to his friends at school. The cards are organized based on a player’s team affiliation, then on-base percentage, and finally home runs. Hector has organized his cards using:
Hierarchical classification
Donielle watches as her father breaks a cookie into two pieces. She’s excited because now she thinks there is more cookie overall. Donielle clearly does not have:
Conservation ability
As children get older, which component of their autobiographical memory shows the biggest improvement?
Episodic
Sage is a 14-month-old who often gets frustrated and begins crying loudly when she has to wait for something she wants, like food, a toy, or her parent’s attention. Sage likely scores high on the temperament dimension of:
Distress to limitations
When the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with the ability to explore the environment, the child is using the caregiver as a:
Secure base
Ajay, a 5-year-old, is told a story about a girl named Anjali. Anjali is looking for her favourite doll. Although Anjali left her doll under her bed, when Anjali went to play outside, her brother moved the doll to the toy box. When Ajay is asked where Anjali will look for her doll, Ajay will MOST likely say:
She will look under the bed
Eight-year-old Sonia does not want to do her homework and would rather watch TV. Her parents think that Sonia can make her own decisions about her schoolwork, and so they don’t make her complete it. They are very affectionate with Sonia, but they do little to regulate their daughter’s behaviour. Sonia’s parents would likely be classified as:
Permissive
A child is reading aloud in class. When he comes to the unfamiliar word “giraffe” he starts by breaking the word into parts and realizes that the “g” in “giraffe” makes a “j” sound. What does this suggest about the child?
He has developed code-related skills like phonological awareness
When Tilly won her class math contest, her mother responded, “Wow Tilly, you’re so smart!” This type of response, known as _______, can have implications for a child’s future motivation.
Person praise
Rachel gets a lot of joy from building and racing cars made from scraps of wood and metal she finds in her father’s workshop. She spends hours reading books and learning new techniques to make her cars move faster. Rachel’s hobby would be considered:
Intrinsically motivated
A study by Corriveau and Harris (2009) investigated selective social learning in young children. They found that 3-year-olds preferred to learn object names from a familiar family member, even if that family member had previously provided incorrect information. In contrast, 4-year-olds were more likely to ignore the familiar source and choose to learn from an unfamiliar adult who had previously been accurate. What is the best explanation for this shift between ages 3 and 4?
4-year-olds are better able to weigh reliability against familiarity when deciding who to learn from
A parent teaches his 2.5-year-old to count to 5, but the child doesn’t seem to understand the meaning of the numbers when counting. Does this indicate a possible developmental delay in understanding number concepts?
No; children do not learn the meaning of number words and how they map onto specific numbers of items until about 3.5 years old
Fourteen-year-old Raoul believes that effort and practice are the key to academic success. He is more interested in learning new things than showing how “smart” he is. A developmental psychologist would say that Raoul has an:
Incremental view of intelligence and a mastery goal orientation
In a sociometric nomination task completed by all the kids in her classroom, 9-year-old Selena received very few ‘like’ votes and very few ‘dislike’ votes. She is generally shy but does have one close friend in class. Therefore, she would most likely be categorized as a(n) ___________ child:
Neglected
Brittany didn’t want Alice joining in her favourite game of tag. She told all her friends that Alice wasn’t a good runner, and she shouldn’t be allowed in the group. What type or form of aggression is Brittany displaying?
Relational aggression
Dara, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Bolivia who has not had much formal education, tends to strongly rely on real-life experiences rather than abstract reasoning to solve problems. A Piagetian researcher would say that she:
Has not achieved the formal operations stage
When the developmental changes during adolescence in white matter brain volume are plotted on a graph, the results show what shape?
An inclined straight line, which reflects low levels of white matter early in development which increases over time
The secular trend in pubertal development refers to:
The decrease in age of puberty onsert that has occurred over the past 100+ years
Which statement best reflects the nature of parent-adolescent conflict?
Most conflict revolves around everyday issues, like chores, hygiene, and curfews
After Katrina goes out on Friday nights, her mom sits down with her the next morning to ask about her night. Katrina’s mom is using _______ to obtain information about her daughter’s social life.
Parental solicitation
Fifteen-year-old Tanisha is one of the top-performing students in her class in terms of tests and assignments. She loves school and being involved in extracurriculars. However, in class, she is often distracted, socializing with friends, and inattentive. A developmental psychologist would say Tanisha is:
Emotionally and cognitively engaged but not behaviourally engaged in school
Sixteen-year-old Sebastian is determined to pursue a medical career. However, he is struggling in his high school chemistry class and is only earning a C+. Instead of giving up, he continues to study, asks for extra help from the teacher, and is looking for a tutor. A developmental psychologist would say that Sebastian:
Has grit
Dr. Tanouye is interested in measuring adolescent self-regulation. To do this, he gives his participant two options: Get 5 dollars now or wait until next week to receive 20 dollars. This type of research method is known as a(n) _______ task.
Delay discounting
