how are friendships developing
- increased time w/ peers during this time
- developing sense of self (what you like/don’t)
- friendships become more complex
- compare themselves to peers - want to fit in
6 types of peer groups
- popular-prosocial: good at academics + social situations
- popular-antisocial: poor students but “cool”
- rejected-aggressive: high conflict, confrontational
- rejected-withdrawn: passive, awkward, shy
- controversial: blend of positive/negative - disliked by some but not totally excluded
- neglected: unpopular but not disliked
t/f: both rejected kids are at risk for being rejected/bullying
TRUE - may misinterpret peer interactions as hostile
sociometric measures
take a roster and ask kids to rate how much they like other kids
What are the different types of aggression?
- physical: physical injury, destroying property
- verbal: threats, name-calling, teasing
- relational: damaging relationships, social exclusion, gossip
Are there gender differences in aggression?
boys are more physical, girls are more relational
What can parents and teachers do to minimize aggression?
- be proactive
- model alternatives to problem solving + acceptable forms of managing anger
- set a good example
- do not reinforce with physical punishment
- reward good behavior
What are some characteristics of bullies? Of victims?
bullies: some are popular, but many are isolated by peers, difficulty controlling aggression/impulses, aggressive families, stressful home life, lack of supervision
victims: those perceived as different, LGBT, disabilities
bullying
unwanted aggressive behavior repeatedly with groups of unbalanced power
What are the consequences of bullying?
- BOTH bullies + victims are at risk for social/emotional difficulties
victims: - psychological distress
- lower self worth
- avoidance of school - fear at school
bullies: - academic problems
- delinquency
are bystanders impacted by bullying?
YES - bullying results in a negative school climate
How is electronic bullying changing the face of bullying?
- can occur anywhere any day
- can be anonymous
What is “bullycide”?
- suicide attributed to victims being bullied
- suicide is 3rd leading cause of death
- victims 2-9% increase in considering suicide
What are some ways to recognize bullying
- injuries
- frequently ‘feeling sick’
- difficulty sleeping
- decreased self esteem
- declining grades
- lost or damaged items
How to prevent bullying
- anti-bullying legislation
- de-esculate situations (humor, don’t fight back)
- schools need anti-bullying programs
- education, awareness
