Different types of family structures
- two parent families (71%) - biological parents, stepparents, adopted family
- single parent families (25%)
- extended family (7%)
Autonomy supportive parenting
supports independence, competence and social relationships
Coregulation
- transitional form of supervision
- parents are letting kids gradually becoming more in charge with making decisions within their supervision
- ex: what do you want to do with your afternoon
Is one family structure best?
- kids from nuclear family are at an advantage but likely more bc of family function not structure
- higher family income
- parental ‘alliance’ creates a more positive environment
What are some short and long-term effects of divorce?
ST: instability, conflict, stress, drop in income, behavior problems to gain attention
LT: difficult temperaments (boys), trust/romantic relationships may be affected
- outcomes depend on child age, temperament and sex
t/f: most kids never fully recover from a divorce
false - most kids recover 2 years post divorce
How can you promote better adjustment for children after a divorce?
- EFFECTIVE PARENTING
- how well the parents shields and explains the child from conflict
- keep each parent involved
Forms of child maltreatment
- abuse: deliberate harm (physical, sexual, psychological)
- neglect: inaction that leads to harm (physical, psychological)
- 3x as common as abuse
Reported vs substantiated maltreatment
R: authorities have been informed
S: reported case has been investigated/verified (1/3 of reported cases)
Who is most vulnerable to abuse and neglect?
- youngest children (0-1), difficult temperament, stress in family, addiction
- mostly neglect bc they can’t speak up for themselves
What are physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences of maltreatment?
PHY: health, injuries, stress disrupts bran development
PSY: isolation, lack of stimulation, attachment difficulties
BEH: self-regulation difficulties, poor social skills, depression
What are some warning signs of maltreatment?
repeated injuries, play with violent themes, ongoing physical complaints (headaches), impulsive reactions, frequent absences
What are some prevention and treatment options for maltreatment?
- primary prevention: prevent BEFORE risk occurs (stable neighborhoods, income quality)
- secondary: reduce impact of risk/injury that has already occurred (home visits, high-quality child care)
- tertiary: reduce impact of injury that could have lasting effects (remove child from home)
