transpiration
the process by which plants release water into the atmosphere through their leaves
capillary action
the tendency of water to rise in a thin tube (cohesion, adhesion), how water moves up the xylem
ATP
adenosine triphosphate, source of chemical energy for cells, produced in light reactions, used in Calvin Cycle and MANY other reactions
NADP+
an electron acceptor molecule, accepts electron in light reactions to become NADPH (energized form)
septum
the wall in the middle of the heart that divides the left and right sides, keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
atrium
upper chamber that receives blood, left atrium from lungs, right atrium from body
ventricles
lower chamber that pumps blood out of the heart
aorta
an artery that pumps (oxygenated) blood from the heart to the body, arc shaped
vena cava
a vein that receives (deoxygenated) blood from the body
pulmonary artery
an artery that pumps (deoxygenated) blood to the lungs
pulmonary vein
a vein that receive (oxygenated) blood from the lungs
erythropoietin (EPO)
a hormone produced when there is not enough oxygen in the blood, causes more red blood cells to be produced
FAD
an electron acceptor molecule that goes into the Krebs cycle and is a product of the ETC, becomes FADH2 after accepting electrons
NAD+
an electron acceptor molecule that goes into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle and is a product of the ETC, becomes NADH after accepting electrons
where is 5’ and 3’?
5’ is always closer to the phosphate group
which direction does 5’ and 3’ go?
template strand read 3’ to 5’ so new strand is built 5’ to 3’
cell plate
forms during cytokinesis in plant cells in the middle, new membrane and cell wall build off cell plate to form two new cells
cleavage furrow
the pinched in area that is created when animals cells undergo cytokinesis
apoptosis
programmed cell death, cell and chromatin shrink, membrane breaks up, surrounding cells clean up remains
pyrimidines
one ringed DNA bases, C and T
purines
double ringed DNA bases, A and G
Totipotent
can become any type of cell and develop an organism on their own, think toti=total, ex: zygote cells (earliest stage of development) can turn into extraembryonic tissues (ex: placenta) or any cell type in the organism
Pluripotent
can become any type of cell in the organism, cannot develop an organism on their own, think pluri=plural, ex: embryonic stem cells can turn into type of cell/tissue in the organism but not extraembryonic tissues
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Unit 1: Biology as a Science27
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Unit 2: Biomolecules52
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Unit 3: Enzymes and Digestion41
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Unit 4: Microscopes, cell structure and function42
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Unit 5: Plants and Photosynthesis29
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Unit 6: Respiration41
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Unit 7: Cell cycle50
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Unit 8: Meiosis and Genetics41
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Unit 9: Protein Synthesis and Biotechnology48
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Unit 10: Evolution and Ecology36
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Finals31
