Unit 2: Biomolecules

Question 1

polar

Answer 1

a molecule that has a partial positive charge in some spot and a partial negative in another

Question 2

nonpolar

Answer 2

a molecule with no charges or partial charges

Question 3

hydrophilic

Answer 3

polar, attracted to water

Question 4

hydrophobic

Answer 4

nonpolar, not attracted to water

Question 5

adhesion

Answer 5

attraction between molecules of the different substances

Question 6

cohesion

Answer 6

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 7

hydrogen bond

Answer 7

a strong intermolecular force between a H atom and a F, O, or N atom

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

how well an atom attracts electrons, chemical property

Question 9

heat capacity

Answer 9

amount of energy required to heat up a substance, stronger IMF=more energy needed

Question 10

density

Answer 10

how close atoms are packed together, mass per unit of volume

Question 11

pH scale

Answer 11

concentration of H+ atoms in a solution, ranges from 0 (acidic, more H+) to 14 (basic, less H+)

Question 12

atom

Answer 12

basic unit of matter, made of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and rings of electrons

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

an atom with a charge, different number of electrons and protons

Question 14

molecule

Answer 14

two or more atoms bonded together, smallest unit of compounds

Question 15

element

Answer 15

“pure substance” that contains atoms of only one type, distinguished by number of protons, represented by a letter (or two) and has certain properties

Question 16

functional group

Answer 16

patterns of atoms that are found in various molecules and behave the same way (reactivity, properties)

Question 17

polymer

Answer 17

larger molecules made of multiple monomers

Question 18

monomer

Answer 18

smaller molecules

Question 19

dehydration synthesis

Answer 19

a type of polymerization in which water is produced and macromolecules bond to each other

Question 20

hydrolysis

Answer 20

a type of de-polymerization in which water is needed for it to happen, molecules separate

Question 21

polymerization

Answer 21

process in which smaller molecules (monomers) bond to form a larger one (polymers)

Question 22

de-polymerization

Answer 22

process in which a larger molecule (polymer) splits into smaller ones (monomers)

Question 23

carbohydrates

Answer 23

made of C, H, and O, usually in a 1:2:1 ratio, used for energy

Question 24

protein

Answer 24

contain C, H, O, N, and S, polymers made of amino acids, many purposes (regulate, structure, transport)

Question 25

lipids

Answer 25

mostly C and H atoms, normally unsoluble, fats, oils, and waxes, many purposes, polymers

Question 26

nucleic acids

Answer 26

contain C, H, O, N, and P, polymers made of nucleotides, ex: RNA, DNA

Question 27

monosaccharide

Answer 27

simple sugars, type of carb, ex: glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 28

disaccharide

Answer 28

two simple sugar molecules bonded together, ex: sucrose (glucose and fructose)

Question 29

polysaccharide

Answer 29

complex carbs, many sugar molecules bonded together, store energy ex: glycogen, cellulose

Question 30

amino acids

Answer 30

monomers consisting of an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and R side chain

Question 31

polypeptide

Answer 31

chain of amino acids, one or more of which make up a protein

Question 32

peptide bond

Answer 32

a type of covalent bond that links amino acids together into polypeptides

Question 33

nucleotide

Answer 33

monomer made of 3 functional groups: a 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Question 34

saturated fat

Answer 34

fatty acid chain with no double bonded carbons, "saturated" with hydrogens

Question 35

unsaturated fat

Answer 35

at least one double bonded carbon

Question 36

trans fat

Answer 36

unsaturated fats that are artificially made saturated by removing double bonded carbons and adding hydrogens

Question 37

glucose

Answer 37

a simple sugar/monosaccharide, C6H12O6

Question 38

sucrose

Answer 38

a dissacharide made of glucose and fructose

Question 39

glycogen

Answer 39

a polysaccharide, stores excess sugar (glucose)

Question 40

cellulose

Answer 40

a polysaccharide, makes up cell wall in plants, provides structure

Question 41

triglyceride

Answer 41

a lipid polymer made of a glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 42

phospholipid

Answer 42

a lipid polymer consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol and two fatty acids

Question 43

steroid

Answer 43

a type of lipid, do not contain fatty acids, examples include hormones

Question 44

DNA/RNA

Answer 44

examples of nucleic acids, carries genetic information

Question 45

hemoglobin

Answer 45

a protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen, made of 4 polypeptide chains

Question 46

6 elements of life

Answer 46

C, H, O, N, P, and S

Question 47

properties of water (6)

Answer 47

cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, heat capacity, universal solvent, ice floats

Question 48

hydroxyl

Answer 48

OH

Question 49

carboxyl

Answer 49

COOH

Question 50

carbonyl

Answer 50

CO (double bond)

Question 51

phosphate

Answer 51

PO4(H2)

Question 52

amine

Answer 52

NH2