A three-phase bone scan is often done to differentiate
(a) Osteoporosis vs. cellulitis
(b) Osteomyelitis vs. diskitis
(c) Osteomyelitis vs. cellulitis
(d) Osteoporosis vs. septic arthritis
(c) Osteomyelitis vs. cellulitis
What is the purpose of a reducing agent in a 99mTc diphosphonate kit?
(a) To oxidize technetium
(b) To lower the valence state of technetium
(c) To improve the tag efficiency
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Which of the following is least likely to cause an artifact on bone scan?
(a) Snap on trousers
(b) Colostomy bag
(c) Skin contaminated by urine
(d) Injection site
(b) Colostomy bag
What is not an indication for a bone scan?
(a) Metastatic disease
(b) Osteoporosis
(c) Cellulitis
(d) Avascular necrosis
(b) Osteoporosis
The presence of free pertechnetate on a pone scan may be the result of:
(a) Using a radiopharmaceutical which was prepared too long ago
(b) Introduction of air into the kit vial while adding technetium
(c) Increased blood flow to bones
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)
What is the purpose of hydration and voiding after an injection for a bone scan?
(a) To block the uptake of unlabeled technetium by the stomach
(b) To reduce the possibility of urine contamination
(c) To obtain a superscan
(d) To reduce the radiation dose to the bladder
(d) To reduce the radiation dose to the bladder
The presence of free pertechnetate on a pone scan may be the result of:
(a) Using a radiopharmaceutical which was prepared too long ago
(b) Introduction of air into the kit vial while adding technetium
(c) Increased blood flow to bones
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)
What timing protocol best describes a four-phase bone scan?
(a) During injection, immediately following injection, 2-4 h, and 18-24 h
(b) During injection, 2-4 h, 24 h, and 48h
(c) During injection, immediately following injection, 2-4 h, and 6 h
(d) None of the above
(a) During injection, immediately following injection, 2-4 h, and 18-24 h
A bone scan showing relatively uniformly increased skeletal uptake
of radiopharmaceutical with almost absent renal and bladder activity is usually referred to as a:
(a) Flare phenomenon
(b) Superscan
(c) Renal failure
(d) Suprascan
(b) Superscan
What are common sites of bony metastasis?
(a) Pelvis
(b) Spine
(c) Ribs
(d) All of the above
(d) All of the above
What is the purpose of a stannous ion in a diphosphonate kit?
(a) Acts as a reducing agent
(b) Acts as an oxidizing agent
(c) Provides a stabilizing force
(d) Maintains particle size
(a) Acts as a reducing agent
By what mechanism do diphosphonates localize in the bone?
(a) Capillary blockade
(b) Active transport
(c) lon exchange
(d) Phagocytosis
(d) Phagocytosis
Which of the following describes a pediatric bone scan?
(a) Increased uptake in long bones
(b) Decreased uptake along epiphyseal plates
(c) Increased uptake along epiphyseal plates
(d) Overall decreased uptake in bone
(c) Increased uptake along epiphyseal plates
The first phase of a three-phase bone scan is best performed by:
(a) Bolus injection followed by dynamic 2 s images for 60 s
(b) Bolus injection followed by dynamic 20 s images for 3 min
(c) Bolus injection followed by a static 500-600 K count image
(d) Bolus injection followed by dynamic 1 s images for 30 s
(a) Bolus injection followed by dynamic 2 s images for 60 s
Osteoblastic activity refers to:
(a) Bone marrow biopsy
(b) Destruction and reabsorption of bone
(c) Bone compression
(d) New bone formation
(d) New bone formation
What is an advantage of spot planar imaging over whole body
imaging for a bone scan?
(a) Speed.
(b) Decreased patient to detector distance.
(c) Less film is used.
(d) No need for COR correction.
(b) Decreased patient to detector distance.
The preparation for a bone scan is:
(a) NPO from midnight.
(b) Cleansing enema.
(c) The patient must be off thyroid medication for 4 weeks.
(d) None of the above.
(d) None of the above.
The advantages) of bone scanning over
plain radiography is:
(a) Bone must lose only a minimum of calcium content before lesions are visible on bone scintigraphy.
(b) Time.
(c) Efficient for multifocal trauma such as child abuse.
(d) All of the above.
(e) (a) and (c) only.
(e) (a) and (c) only
The mechanism of localization for bone marrow scanning is: (d ko sure if naa ni)
(a) Active transport
(b) lon exchange
(c) Phagocytosis
(d) Capillary blockade
(c) Phagocytosis
Rib fractures often show up as:
(a) Multiple focal hot spots located in consecutive ribs
(b) A linear distribution along the long axis of the rib
(c) Diffuse activity in the chest cavity
(d) Cold spots
(a) Multiple focal hot spots located in consecutive ribs
In the event of a spill of 99mTc to clothes, one should immediately:
(a) Enter a shower fully clothed
(b) Remove and store the clothes until they decay to background
(c) Wash the clothes in hot water and then survey them to determine remaining activity
(d) Remove and destroy the clothing
(b) Remove and store the clothes until they decay to background
If affadiopharmaceutical is spilled on the floor, The first priority is to:
(a) Contact the Radiation Safety Officer
(b) Pour a chelating solution over the area of the spill
(c) Cover the area with absorbent paper and restrict access around it
(d) Call the housekeeping department to arrange for cleaning
(c) Cover the area with absorbent paper and restrict access around it
The inverse square law, in words, says:
(a) If you double the distance from the source of activity, you reduce exposure to 25% of the original intensity.
(b) If you halve the distance from the source of activity, you decrease exposure to 25 % of the original intensity.
(c) If you halve the distance from the source of activity, you decrease exposure to one-fourth of the original intensity.
(a) If you double the distance from the source of activity, you reduce exposure to 25% of the original intensity.
What is the best way to decrease the radioactive dose to visitors if a patient is surveyed to emit 3 mR/h at bedside?
(a) Have the patient wear lead aprons
(b) Keep the patient well hydrated and encourage frequent voiding.
(c) Have the visitor sit or stand as far as possible from bedside.
(d) Have the visitor wear lead shielding
(c) Have the visitor sit or stand as far as possible from bedside.
