9H Social Studies > Finals MC > Flashcards

Finals MC Flashcards

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1
Q

Location of:

Maya
Aztec
Inca

A

Maya: Central America/Mexico
Mesoamerican

Aztec: Mexico – lake Texcoco
Mesoamerican

Inca: Peru – The Andes
Andean
West coast of South America

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2
Q

Polytheism or Monotheism for:

Maya
Aztec
Inca

A

Maya: Polytheistic animism

Aztec: Polytheistic animism

Inca: Polytheistic animism – theocracy

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3
Q

Centralized or Decentralized for:

Maya
Aztec
Inca

A

Maya: Decentralized

Aztec: Centralized

Inca: Centralized

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4
Q

Mayan Achievements

A

Very big trade center – called Greeks of the New World (smart) – advances astronomy (made calendars) – first writing system in mesoamerica

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5
Q

Aztec Achievements

A

human sacrifice (of captives, often) — for sun-centered religion. Conquered peoples hated the Aztecs for this.

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6
Q

Incan Achievements

A

Quipu (record keeping system, not writing) they could not write., roads/bridges (shows math, science, engineering).

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7
Q

Maya’s Reason for Death

A

Unknown – they suddenly disappeared

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8
Q

Aztec’s Reason for Death

A

Conquistadores – Hernan Cortes (small Spanish force beat 30 million Aztecs – better tech, diseases, teamed up with other natives)

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9
Q

Inca’s Reason for Death

A

Spain, Pizarro (they won for the same reasons that Cortes beat the Aztecs):

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10
Q

Type of Agriculture for:

Maya
Aztec
Inca

A

Maya: Slash and burn Agriculture

Aztec: Chinampas – floating farms

Inca: Step/Terrace Farming

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11
Q

The Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs were influenced by and got their polytheism from the ——

A

Olmecs

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12
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

There is no god but God (monotheism)- Declaration of Faith

pilgrimage to Mecca

Pray facing Mecca

Alms to the poor – charity

Fasting during Ramadan – no eating from sunrise to sunset

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13
Q

No images allowed of Muhammad or Allah

True or False

A

True

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14
Q

What is the holy book for Islam

A

The Quran/Koran is god’s words – the flawless book

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15
Q

What is The Shariah?

A

The Shariah is a rule book based off the Quran, made understandable to the general public – If the Quran contradicts the Shariah, it is always correct

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16
Q

Reasons for Islamic success

A

Hijrah – escape from Mecca to Medina, previously called Yathrib

People joined because Islam offered equality – an egalitarian society

Camels – fast war animals

Every Muslim soldier knew what they were fighting for – Allah

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17
Q

What lead to the primary divisinon within Islam?

A

Muhammed never named a successor – eventually, Muslims started fighting over who would be Caliph – leader

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18
Q

Where did Islam’s expansion reach? What stopped them?

A

Islam expansion reached France from Spain, but was stopped at the battle of Tours in France by Charles Martel

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19
Q

Africa has no palisades

True or False

A

False

Africa has palisades – large cliffs – form plateaus

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20
Q

African Rivers

A

The Kingdom of Ghana, Kingdom of Mali, and Songhai Empire, all started near the Niger river - HAD ALL THE GOLD

Nile river is in the north in Egypt

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21
Q

Africa is mostly made up of —— and ——–

A

Deserts/Savannas

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22
Q

The —— desert is in the north and the ——– desert is in the south

A

Sahara/Kalahari

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23
Q

Salt was to the —-, gold to the —-.

What did people trade these across? What is this trade known as?

A

north/west

people traded these back and forth across the Sahara Desert

trans-Saharan trade

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24
Q

Why was salt essential?

A

Salt was essential because humans cannot live without it and it is used for food preservation

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25
Who founded the Kingdom of Mali? Who was the Kingdom of Mali's best king? What is the capital?
Mansa Sundiata/Sunjata – founder the kingdom Mansa Musa – best ruler – so wealthy his gifts devalued gold in Cairo Capital was Timbuktu – center for scholars
26
Songhai Empire capital
Timbuktu
27
Major 3 African kingdoms in chronilogical order-
Kingdom of Ghana Kingdom of Mali Songhai Empire
28
Was Japan Centralized or Decentralized? Why?
Decentralized Japan is a Mountainous Archipelago (divided kingdoms)
29
What religion was developed in Japan? Why?
Surrounded by nature – developed an animistic – Shinto
30
Feudal Japanese Social Classes
Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Lower classes
31
Emperor Role
Powerless figurehead (principal)
32
Shogun Role
Military commander with all the power (vice principal) Shogun runs the show(gun)
33
Daimyo Role
Lesser lords who got land from the Shogun in exchange for military support
34
Samurai Role
Warriors – given land by Daimyo in exchange for military service
35
Japan's Lower Classes Role
They don't matter (for the test's sake)
36
Samurai had a strict code similar to chivalry –
Bushido
37
Consequence of breaking Bushido
If the code was broken, the samurai would commit seppuku — ritual suicide
38
Japan loved to copy ----
China
39
Tokugawa family
Most powerful family in Japan ever They controlled all of Japan - extremely difficult feat
40
How did the Tokugawa family rule?
They ruled through centralized feudalism: they would still give land to nobles, but they were in charge This was very unusual; usually the nobles had the power in feudalism – proved how powerful the Tokugawas were
41
What was the famous act passed by the Tokugawa family?
They passed the Tokugawa Seclusion Act Isolated themselves from Europe and outsiders - continued for hundreds of years The Tokugawa family did not like how Christianity was seeping into Japan
42
The Yuan dynasty in China was ruled by ------
Mongols Ruled by Kublai Khan – descendant of Genghis Khan
43
What happened when Kublai Khan tried to conquer Japan? How do we know about these events?
Attempted to conquer Japan twice and failed - all of his ships were sunk in storms both times. We know about them because of Marco Polo
44
Who kicked out the Mongols from China?
Ming dynasty kicked out the Mongols
45
Which exeptional explorer was from the Ming Dynasty? What was their goal?
Zheng He His goal was to establish commercial connections with Indonesia and other nearby places. China was usually highly ethnocentric so his travels were unusual
46
Mughal Empire
This was the Muslim rule of India Babur was their founder Akbar the Great was their best ruler Known for religious toleration The Taj Mahal was built during this time period
47
Korea was known as the- Why?
Shrimp among whales and Hermit Kingdom Shrimp among whales- Historically, Korea has always been a small nation sandwiched between two much more powerful nations, Japan and China. Hermit Kingdom (Hermits are people who are isolated from other humans)- Wanted no contact with colonizers whatsoever – When Europeans arrived in Korea, their ships would be destroyed and they would be forced to stay in Korea This was so Korea remained unknown to colonizers, who were a threat to Korea
48
Korea was a ------- ----- between China and Japan
cultural bridge Ideas from China reached Japan through Korea
49
William the Conqueror (1066)
He was the Duke of Normady in France Claimed the English throne and Conquered England. (Battle of Hastings)
50
Henry II & Sons
Strengthened the royal government Henry II had two sons, John and Richard the Lionhearted John was a weak king – he signed the Magna Carta, which weakened the English monarch. Richard was the guy who fought well in the 3rd Crusade against Saladin
51
Philip IV
tried to tax the Catholic church, Pope disagreed, he killed the Pope
52
Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany)
got their power from the Catholic Church, but was often at odds with it
53
Charlemagne and his big mistake
Converted to Christianity This proved that the Church had more power than him
54
Henry IV
fought with the Pope over lay investiture
55
Lay investiture
Lay investiture was when a ruler chose people for Church positions
56
Concordat of Worms
The Concordat of Worms resolved the lay investiture conflict – the Church would pick the church officials, and the Monarch would pick how much land they got
57
Frederick I and II
Bad because they lost all power via being away from the Holy Roman Empire and instead in Italy. – nobles took over – these two kings hurt the growth of the Holy Roman Empire
58
Weapons of the Catholic Church
Excommunication – Banned someone from the Catholic Church, condemning them to hell Interdict – Excommunicated everyone in a country Accusing people of witchcraft
59
The largest building in every medieval town would be-
the church Basically, the Church ran the middle ages
60
Feudalism & Manorialism Which ine is economic and which one is political?
Feudalism - Political Manorialism - Economic
61
Manorialism
In this system, Manors – estates run by a lord – would be completely self-sufficient – they would be able to provide for themselves, meaning that very little trade took place.
62
Commercial revolution
Led to increased trade and weakened manorialism Trade increased between towns – towns became the centres of power instead of manors
63
Thomas Aquinas
Made Scholasticism Supports Christianity through logic and faith
64
Gothic Architecture incorporated-
flying buttresses
65
Crusades
These were attempted European invasions of Jerusalem Only the first was successful They were called the most successful failures
66
How did the Black Plague happen?
Because the silk road opened up, rats infested with fleas that carried the plague were transported to Europe
67
What portion of Europe was wiped out by the Black Plague?
Roughly ⅓ of European population wiped out
68
Who was hit first by the Black Plague? What was the result of this?
Italy was hit first Good for Italy in the long term, because they got out of it first – they were ahead of the rest of Europe Bad for very short term because they lost more people to the plague (roughly ½ vs ⅓ )
69
The Renaissance/Reformation was know as the rebirth of-
Greek/Roman ideas in Italy, because they got out of the plague first and had money’
70
Humanism developed during-
The Renaissance it was the study of worldly things over religion
71
The Southern Renaissance (Italy) was more focused on --- ----, whereas the Northern Renaissance was focused on ---- --- ------
the arts (religious) reform and change
72
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
Italy had money (humanists needed patrons) They recovered from the plague first
73
Da Vinci
painted Mona Lisa
74
Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel (painting) and David (sculpture)
75
Luther
95 theses (essentially a list of thesis that challenges the Catholic church) – hated sale indulgences (selling salvation) – started the Protestant reformation – German
76
Calvin
predestination – called his followers the “Chosen Elect” – they were all chosen in advance to go to heaven – French
77
Henry VIII
started a new church, the Anglican church, to get rid of his wife
78
Counter-reformation
A period of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation
79
Council of Trent
meeting of top Catholics – this is how the counter-reformation happened
80
Reasons for the Exploration/Discovery chapter-
To find routes to Asia without having to pay taxes
81
Bartholemeu Dias
first to get around the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), accidently
82
Vasco Da Gama
the second to get around the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), and the first to do so intentionally
83
Magellan
“first” to circumnavigate the globe – he actually died in the Philippines before doing this; his crew completed the route The Philippines were claimed by Spain as a consequence, only became free after the Spanish-American War
84
Columbus
landed in the Americas (Carribean) – “The Encounter” Led to the Columbian exchange – only good for Europe
85
Columbian Exchange Layout
86
Mercantilism
mother countries take advantage of colonies by taking raw materials from the colonies and then selling the finished products back to the colonies.
87
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Most native americans were killed – colonizers needed more laborers – turned to Africa for slaves A tribe in Africa, the **Asante kingdom**, benefitted greatly off the slave trade by raiding and taking captives from other, inland tribes
88
Which European country was different from the others during the absolutism period?
England was different from other European countries – England did not end in absolutism
89
Peter the Great of Russia
made changes to Russia to be more like western Europe - changes only benefitted upper class
9H Social Studies
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