Fluency

Question 1

incidence specifies what?

Answer 1

rate of occurrence

Question 2

prevalence specifies what?

Answer 2

number of people

Question 3

is stuttering more common in males or females?

Answer 3

males

Question 4

what is the loci of stuttering?

Answer 4

locations in a speech sequence where stuttering are observed

Question 5

T/F re: loci, vowels more than consonants

Answer 5

FALSE: stuttering happens more on consonants than vowels

Question 6

T/F re: loci, on first sound/syllable of a word

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

T/F re: loci, on last word in phrase/sentence

Answer 7

FALSE: first word in phrase (like how it’s on first sound/syllable)

Question 8

T/F re: loci, on shorter, more common words

Answer 8

FALSE: on longer words

Question 9

T/F re: loci, with less frequently used words

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

T/F re: loci, on content words, not function words

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

T/F re: loci in preschool CH, they stutter on content words also

Answer 11

FALSE: they stutter more on function words

Question 12

name some general treatment goals for stuttering

Answer 12

reduce amount of stuttering
establish normal-sounding fluency
reduce assoc. motor behaviors (that may make stuttering worse)
reduce avoidance
counseling client and family

Question 13

what is neurogenic stuttering?

Answer 13

stuttering associated with a documented neuropathy

Question 14

3 common etiologies of neurogenic stuttering

Answer 14

CVA, extrapyramidal diseases (PD), and drug toxicity

Question 15

name the term: rapid but disordered articulation, possibly combined with a high rate of disfluencies and impaired prosodic features

Answer 15

cluttering

Question 16

what helps clients who clutter?

Answer 16

reducing speech rate and increasing awareness

Question 17

foundation of fluency and voice

Answer 17

airflow

Question 18

3 parts of speech iceberg

Answer 18

behavioural component (we cannot see this)

affective component (emotions)
cognitive component

Question 19

describe stuttering in terms of what?

Answer 19

frequency (#disfluencies/total words) and duration

Question 20

accessory/secondary disfluencies

Answer 20

interjections

revisions

phrase and word reps

Question 21

core disfluencies

Answer 21

sound, syllable reps

blocks

broken words

prolongations

Question 22

assessment: when?

Answer 22

situational variability

cyclical!

Question 23

assessment: where

Answer 23

where in word (diff diagnosis)

developmental stuttering: initial ONLY

SAAND (neuro): all word positions

Question 24

disfluency rate that exceeds _____ of spoken words when all kinds of disfluencies counted

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

assessment: what

Answer 25

types, sounds, severity, core, concomitant behaviours, %

Question 26

fluency shaping therapy addresses what part of iceberg? deals with what?

Answer 26

tip: behavioural component deals with: reducing stuttering itself

Question 27

stuttering modification therapy measures what? what are the 2 goals?

Answer 27

measures tension/anxiety, NOT stutters/disfluencies themselves. Need to address emotional aspects of stuttering to decrease stuttering (2 goals: reduce shame/anxiety, teach disfluencies)

Question 28

stutter modification addresses what part of iceberg?

Answer 28

2 parts of the bottom of the iceberg (including emotions)

Question 28

5 techniques in stutter modification

Answer 28

cancellation: finish sentence pull-out: stop and start again bounce preparatory set: set articulators before speaking slow rate: by drawing out vowels

Question 28

4 techniques in fluency shaping therapy

Answer 28

soft contact: on consonants continuous phonation: like singing short phrases slow rate: on vowels

Question 28

both therapies want client to be able to do what, in end?

Answer 28

be independent, self monitoring, and able to self correct

Question 29

parent education re: stuttering is...

Answer 29

cyclical variable they did not cause stuttering it's ok to talk about speech, no need to ignore it increase situations that promote fluency and decrease situations that inhibit fluency

Question 30

SAAND: stands for... associated with?

Answer 30

stuttering associated with acquired neurological disorders CVA

Question 31

developmental vs SAAND differences

Answer 31

developmental: stutter more on nouns, SAAND: grammatical words (and, the) developmental: stutter initial position only: SAAND: all positions developmental: adaptation effect: able to repeat and stutter less, not present on SAAND client (still disfluent) developmental: automised tasks are more fluent, SAAND: automatics not more fluent SAAND: concomitant features are rare

Question 32

developmental vs SAAND similarities

Answer 32

both know what they want to say SAAND can include prolongation or block if word finding/lang issues: more going on with both of them