Fluid Restriction

Question 1

What is the largest single component of the body?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

What is water used for in the body?

Answer 2

Solutes available for cellular reactions
Regulates body temperature
Maintains blood volume
Transports nutrients

Question 3

What 3 bodily processes is water involved in?

Answer 3

Digestion
Absorption
Excretion

Question 4

Water is distributed into two compartments which are … and …

Answer 4

Extracellular and intracellular

Question 5

Electrolytes (3)

Answer 5

Sodium, potassium and chloride

Question 6

Fluid balance is tightly regulated by ….

Answer 6

Complex homeostatic mechanisms

Question 7

Water homeostasis is regulated by what 3 things?

Answer 7

Gastrointestinal tract
Kidneys
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 8

How is water homeostasis regulated in the GI tract?

Answer 8

Fluid and electrolytes are produced and reabsorbed along the GI tract

Question 9

How is water homeostasis regulated in the kidneys?

Answer 9

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) regulates sodium and water excretion

Question 10

How is water homeostasis regulated by the renin angiotensin aldosterone system?

Answer 10

Regulates sodium excretion and blood pressure

Question 11

Factors that impact fluid balance

Answer 11

Exercise, hot climates, blood loss, trauma and health state

Question 12

Daily water intake is balanced by losses from…

Answer 12

Urinations
Respiration
Faeces
Perspiration (sweat)

Question 13

Adequate water intakes per day

Answer 13

Men - 2000ml
Women - 1600ml

Question 14

Dietetic practice fluid requirements equations

Answer 14

Under 60 years - 35ml/kg
Over 60 years - 30ml/kg

Question 15

Fluid restriction

Answer 15

Limiting the quantity of fluid and high fluid foods consumed over the course of a specified time period

Question 16

Why would there be a clinical need for fluid restriction?

Answer 16

Imbalances of bodily fluids

Question 17

Oedema

Answer 17

Fluid retention

Question 18

What is the treatment for oedema?

Answer 18

Restricting fluids

Question 19

What can oedema be caused by?

Answer 19

Congestive heart failure or renal failure

Question 20

Patients on a fluid restriction are also advised to restrict dietary …

Answer 20

Sodium

Question 21

Factors to consider when prescribing a fluid restriction

Answer 21

Underlying condition present (degree of oedema)
Patients weight (high % water in metabolic tissue)
Patients usual requirements
Biochemistry

Question 22

Monitoring a fluid restriction

Answer 22

Daily intake vs output (fluid charts compared to urine charts)
Daily weights (rapid changes may be due to fluid retention which may indicate further restriction or adjustment of medication)
Biochemistry