Foetus

Question 1

Name 3 screening tests and the diagnostic test for Down syndrome in first trimester

Answer 1

Screening

• ultrasound (11-14 weeks or CRL 45- 84 MM. ): nuchal translucency, nasal bone, ductus venosus Doppler
• biochemistry (10 weeks): Papp - A, bhcg
• maternal blood (after 10 weeks): cell tree foetal DNA

Diagnosis

• Chorionic villus sampling

Question 2

Name 3 screening tests and the diagnostic test for Down syndrome in second trimester

Answer 2

Screening

• Ultrasound (18-22 weeks): soft markers
• biochemistry (15 - 20 weeks): alpha fetoprotein, bhcg, estriol , (inhibin A)
• maternal blood: cell free fetal DNA

Diagnosis

• amniocentesis

Question 3

Define reduced foetal movements

Answer 3

< 10 movements in 12 hours

Question 4

Name 6 conditions associated with maternal perception of reduced foetal movements

Answer 4

• Foetal sleep
• congenital foetal malformation
• foetal anaemia / hydrops
• acute / chronic hypoxia
• polyhydramnios
• drugs: alcohol, narcotics, benzos, smoking, corticosteroids