Foot

Question 1

Inversion

Answer 1

0-35/End Feel: Firm
•Patient Position:
• Supine at edge of bed with the hip neutral, knee extended, heel off end of bed
• Normal End Feel: Firm (due to tissue tension on the anterior/lateral aspect)

Question 2

Goniometer-Inversion

Answer 2

USE Broad-arm (ruler) goniometer
• Fulcrum/ Axis: anterior aspect of ankle at midpoint between the two malleoli

• Stationary Arm: anterior midline of lower leg using the anterior midpoint of the tibial tuberosity for reference
• Moving Arm: anterior midline of second metatarsal

Question 3

Eversion

[combined movements of dorsiflexion, abduction, pronation]

Answer 3

(0 – 15 degrees)

• Patient Position, goniometer and goniometer alignment are the same as for foot inversion
• Normal End Feel: Hard (due to contact between calcaneus and floor of sinus tarsi) or Firm (due to tension in joint capsule or in ligaments and muscles along the posterior/medial aspect of foot/ankle)