forearm

Question 1

• Fully extend elbow, and
  supinate hand.
• Humeral epicondyles
  parallel to cassette.
• Best demonstrate the
  humeral epicondyles in
  profile.

Answer 1

FOREARM AP

Question 2

• Thumb side of the hand
  must be up.
• Best demonstrates the
  olecranon process.
• Demonstrate the fat stripe
  of the wrist and fat pad of
  the elbow.
• Demonstrate the
  humeral epicondyles
  superimposed on each
  other.

Answer 2

FOREARM LATERAL

Question 3

• Fully extend elbow
• Supinate hand
• Humeral epicondyles
  parallel to IR.
• Demonstrate an open
  elbow joint space.
• Best demonstrates the
  humeral epicondyles in
  profile.

Answer 3

ELBOW AP PROJECTION

Question 4

• Humeral epicondyles
  perpendicular to IR.
• Best demonstrate the
  olecranon process.
• Best demonstrate the
  posterior fat pad
  (visualization is a
  common indication of
  elbow joint pathology).
• Demonstrate any tear
  drop sign.

Answer 4

ELBOW LATERAL

Question 5

• Fully extend elbow
• Pronate hand
• Rotate entire upper
  extremity (including hand)
  to place elbow joint in a
  45° medial (internal)
  oblique position.
• Best demonstrate the
  coronoid process in
  profile.
• Trochlea in profile
• Olecaranon process of
  ulna should appear
  seated in olecranon
  fossa of humerus.

Answer 5

ELBOW AP OBLIQUE
MEDIAL/INTERNAL ROTATION

Question 6

• Supinate hand
• Rotate entire upper
  extremity (including hand)
  to place elbow joint in a
  45° lateral (external)
  oblique position.
• Best demonstrate the
  radial head, tuberosity
  and neck in profile.

Answer 6

ELBOW AP OBLIQUE
LATERAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION

Question 7

• Elbow acutely flexed with
  fingertips resting on
  shoulder.
• Epicondylar plane parallel
  to image receptor.

Answer 7

AP ELBOW IN ACUTE FLEXION
JONES METHOD

Question 8

– perpendicular to 2 inches
(5cm) superior to the
olecranon process

Answer 8

Distal Humerus

Question 9

– perpendicular to the
flexed forearm
approximately 2 inches
(5cm) distal to the
olecranon process.
* Performed if the elbow
is flexed more than 90°
* This position is used
primarily to
demonstrate injuries to
the olecranon process

Answer 9

Proximal Forearm

Question 10

• Elbow flexed 90° if
  possible
• Hand pronated.
• 45° towards shoulder.

Answer 10

RADIAL HEAD
ELBOW AXIAL LATEROMEDIAL PROJECTIONS
TRAUMA AXIAL LATERALS
COYLE METHOD

Question 11

• Elbow flexed only 80
  degrees from extended
  position.
• Hand pronated.
• 45° from shoulder into
  mid elbow joint

Answer 11

CORONOID PROCESS
ELBOW AXIAL LATEROMEDIAL PROJECTIONS
TRAUMA AXIAL LATERALS
COYLE METHOD