Forebrain

Question 1

Answer 1

thalamus

Question 2

Answer 2

thalamus

Question 3

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

Answer 5

frontal lobe

Question 6

Answer 6

frontal lobe

Question 7

Answer 7

parietal lobe

Question 8

Answer 8

temporal lobe

Question 9

Answer 9

limbic system

Question 10

Answer 10

hippocampus

Question 11

Answer 11

amygdala

Question 12

Answer 12

amygdala

Question 13

Answer 13

temporal lobe

Question 14

Answer 14

occipital lobe

Question 15

Answer 15

occipital lobe

Question 16

Answer 16

parietal lobe

Question 17

Answer 17

basal ganglia

Question 18

Answer 18

basal ganglia

Question 19

• is the large, two-lobed structure that constitutes the top of the brainstem

Answer 19

thalamus

Question 20

• forebrain structure that receives signals from sensory receptors, processes them, and then transmits them to the appropriate areas of the sensory cortex

Answer 20

thalamus

Question 21

• forebrain structure that is an important relay station in the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems

Answer 21

thalamus

Question 22

• forebrain structure that is located just below the anterior thalamus

Answer 22

hypothalamus

Question 23

• forebrain structure that plays an important role in the regulation of several motivated behaviors (e.g., eating, sleep, and sexual behavior)

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

• on the basis of studies of decorticate animals, Bard concluded that this forebrain structure is critical for the expression of aggressive responses

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

- forebrain structure that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, fluid balance, and concentrations of glucose and sodium

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

- forebrain structure that exerts its effects in part by regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which dangles from it on the ventral surface of the forebrain

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

- forebrain structure that is a layer of tissue that covers the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 27

cerebral cortex

Question 28

- forebrain structure that is often referred to as the gray matter because it is mainly composed of small, unmyelinated neurons which give it a gray appearance

Answer 28

cerebral cortex

Question 29

- forebrain structure that is deeply convoluted in humans

Answer 29

cerebral cortex

Question 30

- forebrain structure that provides landmarks for locating the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 30

cerebral cortex

Question 31

- on the basis of studies of decorticate animals, Bard concluded that the function of this forebrain structure is to inhibit and direct aggressive responses

Answer 31

cerebral cortex

Question 32

- while the behavioral and physiological expression of emotional states is dependent on the limbic system, the conscious experience of emotional states is also dependent on this forebrain structure

Answer 32

cerebral cortex

Question 33

lobe that is involved in motor functions and complex cognitive functions, such as planning and evaluating potential behavior patterns

Answer 33

frontal lobe

Question 34

lobe that is involved in analyzing sensations from the body, perceiving the location of both objects and our own bodies, and in directing our attention

Answer 34

parietal lobe

Question 35

lobe that is involved in hearing and language, identifying complex visual patterns, and memory

Answer 35

temporal lobe

Question 36

lobe that is involved in analyzing visual input to guide our behaviour

Answer 36

occipital lobe

Question 37

- system of midline structures that is involved in integrating such vast processes as learning, memory, emotion, and motivation

Answer 37

limbic system

Question 38

- system that contains several forebrain structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex

Answer 38

limbic system

Question 39

- forebrain structure that is located in the medial temporal lobe and plays a major role in some kinds of memory, particularly memory for spatial location

Answer 39

hippocampus

Question 40

- forebrain structure that is involved in a rat learning to avoid a distinctive chamber where it was previously shocked (contextual fear conditioning) but not in learning to avoid a tone that was paired with the shock (avoidance conditioning)

Answer 40

hippocampus

Question 41

- forebrain structure that is an almond-shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe

Answer 41

amygdala

Question 42

- lesions to this forebrain structure block fear conditioning

Answer 42

amygdala

Question 43

- forebrain structure that receives input from all sensory systems and is believed to be the structure in which the emotional significance of sensory signals is learned and retained

Answer 43

amygdala

Question 44

- forebrain structure that is involved in only some aspects of human fear; e.g., more in the perception of fear in others than in the experience of fear

Answer 44

amygdala

Question 45

- the one of the two dopaminergic pathways in the brain that is most implicated in the rewarding effects of brain stimulation, natural rewards, and addictive drugs

Answer 45

mesolimbic pathway

Question 46

- lesions of this pathway tend to disrupt intracranial self-stimulation

Answer 46

mesolimbic pathway

Question 47

- system of midline structures that is involved in the performance of voluntary motor responses, action selection, and switching between motor behaviors

Answer 47

basal ganglia

Question 48

- system that contains several forebrain structures, including the amygdala, caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus

Answer 48

basal ganglia

Question 49

- system that contains the striatum (caudate and putamen), which receives input from the rest of the brain, and the globus pallidus, which sends output to the motor cortex

Answer 49

basal ganglia

Question 50

- Parkinson's disease is associated with deterioration of the pathway projecting from the substantia nigra of the midbrain to this system

Answer 50

basal ganglia

Question 51

- area of cortex within the frontal lobe that is the major point of departure for motor signals descending from the cerebral cortex into lower levels of the sensorimotor system

Answer 51

primary motor cortex

Question 52

- type of cortex that contains sites controlling the movements of individual body parts

Answer 52

primary motor cortex

Question 53

- area of cortex that is most dedicated to controlling parts of the body that are capable of intricate movements, such as the hands and mouth

Answer 53

primary motor cortex

Question 54

- is any area of cortex that receives most of its input directly from the thalamic relay nuclei of one sensory system

Answer 54

primary sensory cortex

Question 55

- type of cortex that includes the somatosensory cortex, which contains sites that receive sensations from individual body parts

Answer 55

primary sensory cortex

Question 56

- type of cortex that includes the visual cortex and auditory cortex, which directly receive input from the thalamus for their respective sensory modalities

Answer 56

primary sensory cortex

Question 57

- is any area of cortex that receives input from more than one sensory system

Answer 57

association cortex

Question 58

- type of cortex that is at the top of the sensorimotor hierarchy; involved in the highest level of sensory processing that might ultimately result in the performance of movements

Answer 58

association cortex

Question 59

- area of cortex that is in the most anterior location of the frontal lobe

Answer 59

prefrontal cortex

Question 60

- area of cortex that is involved in the following four types of cognitive functions: (1) working memory, which is keeping relevant information accessible for short periods of time while a task is being completed; (2) planning and carrying out sequences of actions; (3) inhibiting responses that are inappropriate in the current context but not in others; and (4) following rules for social behavior

Answer 60

prefrontal cortex

Question 61

- cortical structure that acts on the amygdala to suppress conditioned fear

Answer 61

prefrontal cortex