PNS & Brainstem

Question 1

is the division of the nervous system that is located within the skull and spine

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 2

is the division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 3

is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate nervous system, other than the peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 4

is the division of the nervous system that is located outside the skull and spine

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 5

is the division of the nervous system composed of all of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 6

is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate nervous system, other than the central nervous system

Answer 6

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 7

is the division of the nervous system that is composed of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 8

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment

Answer 8

somatic nervous system

Question 9

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes afferent nerves which carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, and ears to the central nervous system

Answer 9

somatic nervous system

Question 10

is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent nerves which carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles

Answer 10

somatic nervous system

Question 11

is one of the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system, other than the autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

somatic nervous system

Question 12

• is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment

Answer 12

autonomic nervous system

Question 13

• is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes afferent nerves which carry sensory signals from internal organs to the central nervous system

Answer 13

autonomic nervous system

Question 14

• is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes efferent nerves which carry motor signals from the central nervous system to internal organs

Answer 14

autonomic nervous system

Question 15

• is one of the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system, other than the somatic nervous system

Answer 15

autonomic nervous system

Question 16

• is the division of the peripheral nervous system that includes the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

autonomic nervous system

Question 17

• is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, other than the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

• is the division of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates, organizes, and mobilizes energy resources in threatening situations

Answer 18

sympathetic nervous system

Question 19

• division of the autonomic nervous system that produces a series of changes in the body called the “fight-or-flight response”

Answer 19

sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

• division of the autonomic nervous system that causes blood to be directed away from the digestive system to the arms and legs, the pupils to dilate, and the heart and breathing to increase

Answer 20

sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

• is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, other than the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

• is the division of the autonomic nervous system that acts to conserve energy

Answer 22

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 23

• division of the autonomic nervous system that generally keeps the internal functioning of the body running smoothly, in a “rest-and-digest” mode of operation

Answer 23

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 24

• anatomical direction that means toward the nose end

Answer 24

anterior

Question 25

- anatomical direction in the head that is towards the face end

Answer 25

anterior

Question 26

- anatomical direction in the body that is towards the head end

Answer 26

anterior

Question 27

- anatomical direction that means toward the tail end

Answer 27

posterior

Question 28

- anatomical direction in the head that is towards the back of the head

Answer 28

posterior

Question 29

- anatomical direction in the body that is towards the rear end

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

- anatomical direction in the body that is towards the surface of the back

Answer 30

dorsal

Question 31

- anatomical direction in the head that is towards the top of the head

Answer 31

dorsal

Question 32

- anatomical direction in the body that is towards the surface of the chest

Answer 32

ventral

Question 33

- anatomical direction in the head that is towards the bottom of the head

Answer 33

ventral

Question 34

anatomical direction that means toward the midline of the body

Answer 34

medial

Question 35

anatomical direction that means away from the midline of the body toward the body's lateral surfaces

Answer 35

lateral

Question 36

- hindbrain structure that is located at the base of the brain, where the spinal cord arises

Answer 36

medulla

Question 37

- hindbrain structure that consists of numerous nuclei that act as control centers for the autonomic nervous system

Answer 37

medulla

Question 38

- the proper functioning of the autonomic nervous system depends on the general level of arousal of this hindbrain structure

Answer 38

medulla

Question 39

- hindbrain structure that has control centers that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, muscle tone, and even reflexes such as vomiting

Answer 39

medulla

Question 40

Answer 40

pons

Question 41

Answer 41

pons

Question 42

Answer 42

medulla

Question 43

Answer 43

medulla

Question 44

Answer 44

cerebellum

Question 45

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

Answer 46

midbrain

Question 47

Answer 47

midbrain

Question 48

Answer 48

reticular formation

Question 49

- is a complex network of nuclei that occupies the central core of the brainstem from the posterior boundary of the medulla to the anterior boundary of the midbrain

Answer 49

reticular formation

Question 50

- is a brain structure sometimes referred to as an activating system because parts of it seem to play a role in arousal

Answer 50

reticular formation

Question 51

- brain structure that, when damaged, will cause the organism to fall into a coma

Answer 51

reticular formation

Question 52

- hindbrain structure that is a large bulbous structure located above the medulla

Answer 52

pons

Question 53

- hindbrain structure that contains nuclei that play a role in sleep and arousal

Answer 53

pons

Question 54

- hindbrain structure that contains the locus coeruleus - a group of neurons that are the primary source of norepinephrine for the brain

Answer 54

pons

Question 55

- hindbrain structure that contains the raphe nuclei

Answer 55

pons

Question 56

– a group of neurons that are the primary source of serotonin for the brain

Answer 56

pons

Question 57

- hindbrain structure that is located at the back of the brainstem

Answer 57

cerebellum

Question 58

- hindbrain structure that functions primarily as a component of the brain's extensive motor system by integrating, coordinating, and refining actions into fluid movements

Answer 58

cerebellum

Question 59

- damage to this brain structure eliminates the ability to precisely control one's movements and to adapt them to changing conditions

Answer 59

cerebellum

Question 60

- division of the brain that contains two further divisions: the tectum and the tegmentum

Answer 60

midbrain

Question 61

- division of the brain that contains structures such as the periaqueductal gray, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area

Answer 61

midbrain

Question 62

- midbrain structure that has a visual-motor function

Answer 62

superior colliculus

Question 63

- midbrain structure that specifically functions to direct the body’s orientation toward or away from particular visual stimuli

Answer 63

superior colliculus

Question 64

- midbrain structure that is involved in pain sensation and in defensive behavior

Answer 64

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

Question 65

- stimulation of opioid receptors in this midbrain structure causes an immediate loss of pain sensation (analgesia)

Answer 65

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

Question 66

- midbrain structure that contains a punishment system, where electrical stimulation appears to have a punishing effect on the organism

Answer 66

pariaqueductal gray (PAG)

Question 67

- midbrain structure that is a motor area of the brain which is highly interconnected with another motor region: the basal ganglia

Answer 67

substantia nigra

Question 68

- midbrain structure that contains cells that produce dopamine and whose degeneration is associated with Parkinson's disease

Answer 68

substantia nigra

Question 69

- midbrain structure that is a vital component of the brain's reward circuit and is the site of origin of the mesolimbic pathway

Answer 69

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 70

- midbrain structure that contains dopamine-producing neurons that project to and release dopamine in multiple regions of the brain, such as the limbic system and prefrontal cortex

Answer 70

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 71

mid brain structures

Answer 71

periaqueductal gray, the substantia nigra, superior colliculus and the ventral tegmental area

Question 72

hindbrain structures

Answer 72

medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation