1
Q
What are the 21 Characteristics of individual handwriting that may be identified and analyzed.
A
- Body
- Diacritics
- Eye/ Eyelet
- Connection
- Foot
- Baseline
- Hiatus or pen jump
- Hook
- Initial Stroke
- Loop
- Oval
- Retrace
- Shoulder/Hump
- Staff or Stem
- Spur
- Arc/garlanded
- Beard/ Embellishment
18 Buckle/ buckle knot
19 Terminal Stroke
20 Patching/ Retouching
21 Pen Lift
2
Q
the main portion of the letter which remain when the upper or lower projection, upstrokes and terminal strokes and diacritics are remove.
A
Body
3
Q
are elements added to complete a letter, “t” crossing and dots of the letters “i” and “j”. The matras of the indian script are also know as________ sign?
A
Diacritics
4
Q
A minute or small loop or curve form inside the letter, inside the oval of the letters “a”, “d” or “o”.
A
Eye/Eyelet
5
Q
the stroke which connects two strokes or letter connection.
A
Connection
6
Q
the lower part which rests on the baseline. The small letters “m” has three feet and the small letter “n” and “h” have two feet.
A
Foot
7
Q
an imaginary line where all the letters are supposed to be aligned; the rule of imaginary line upon which the writing rest
A
Baseline
8
Q
a failure to complete a conjunction of a connecting stroke without lifting the pen, a gap of occuring between a continous stroke without lifting the pen such occurences was due to speed. It may be also stated as pen jump
A
Hiatus/Pen jump
9
Q
Is is a minute curve or angle which often occures at the end of terminal stroke.
A
Hook
10
Q
the first element of a stroke
A
Initial stroke
11
Q
An oblong curve such as found in small “f”, “g”, “i” and letters “h” and “j”.
It might be formed in the upper or lower part of the letter
I can also be blind or open loop
A
Loop
12
Q
the portion of the letter which is oval in shape. The small letter “a”, “d”, and “q” contain oval; the portion of the letter which form an oval form.
A
Oval
13
Q
any part of the stroke which is super imposed upon the original stroke, any stroke which goes back over the same writing stroke.
A
Retrace
14
Q
outside portion of the top curve. the garland from of the letter as in small latter “m” has three shoulders and the small letter “n” has two, the small letter “h” has one shoulder.
A
Shoulder/Hump
15
Q
any major long downward stroke of a letter that is the long downward stroke of the letter “b”, “g”.
A
staff or Stem
16
Q
short horizontal terminal strokes mostly found on a small letter, short initial or terminal stroke.
A
Spur
17
Q
a curve formed inside the top curve or loop as in small letters “h”, “m”, “p”
A
Arc/garlanded
18
Q
a loop made as a flourish which is added to the letters as in small letter “k” , “f”, or in capital letters “A”, “K” and “H”.
A
Buckle/Buckle knot
19
Q
a preliminary embelish initial stroke which usually occurs in capital letters.
A
Beard/Embellishment
20
Q
going back over a defective portion of a writing stroke. And it is a common defect of forgeries.
A
Patching/Retouching
21
Q
is the last elements of a letter.
A
Terminal stroke
22
Q
an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper. Those who write with clumsiness or with difficulty, the pen is raised frequently to get a new adjustment. Many writers lift the pen before a, c, t, d, and g.
A
Pen lift
23
Q
it is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers conposed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding.
A
Paper
24
Q
it is the common name for plants of the entire genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial (non-drug) use.
A
Hemp
25
a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum.
It is labor intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exemptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.
Linen
26
it was used for making scrolls, mats, ropes, and even shoes.
Papyrus
27
is a thin material made from calfskin, sheep skin or goat skin. it is the most common use is as the pages of a book, codex or manuscript.
Parchment
28
it is a marking on the surface of paper as security features.
Water mark
29
photograph unsuitable to show water marks.
Direct light
30
photography showing water marks.
Transmitted light
31
(6) Various Paper Test
Glare test
Brightness test
Thickness
Porosity
Opacity
Perforation
32
it determines light reflection from the surface of paper by glarimeter.
Glare test
33
it determines on white paper that measures of particular wavering.
Brightness test
34
it is a quantity measurement of paper by use of caliper instrument
Thickness
35
it is a measurement of air that passes through the paper.
Porosity
36
it is a measurement of light that passes through the paper by use of opacimeter.
Opacity
37
is a hole made by puncturing a surface. However, the term frequently refers to the practice of creating a long series of holesso that paper can be torn more easily.
Perforation
38
are one common application of this, where small around holes that are cut in lines to create individual pieces.
postage stamps
39
it is the result of a very complicated series of acts, being used as a whole, and combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long, continued painstaking effort.
Handwriting
40
it push up the pen to form the upward strokes.
Extensor muscles
41
that push up the pen to form a downward strokes.
Flexor muscles
42
3 Kinds of Handwriting
Cursive
Script
Block
43
connected; writing in which one letter is joined to the next.
cursive
44
separated or printed writing.
Script
45
all capital letters.
Block
46
it is a viscous fluid making material or paste used for making or writing.
Derived from the Latin "encaustum".
Comes to us through the Old French word "enque".
Ink
47
this inks which were used extensively about a century ago, have now beacuase obsolete and are no longer manufactured.
log wood inks
48
this inks has been used as writing for over thousand years. Formerly it was made of a fermented infusion gall nuts to which iron salts were added.
Iron Gallotanate inks
49
it consist of ordenary iron gallotine inks with lower iron content in most cases but with a higher dystuff content then normal inks.
Fountain Pen inks
50
these inks are composed of aqueous solution of synthetic dyestuffs, to which a preservative and a flux are added.
Dyestuff inks
51
these inks are special group of dyedtuff inks which consist of a pigment paste and a solution of shellac made soluble in water by means of borax, liquid ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate.
Water Resistant Writing and Drawing inks
52
these are quick drying inks which possess a ph of from 9 to about 11.
Alkaline Writing Inks
53
a writing instrument which would not leak at high altitude and which supplied quick drying water resistant writing.
Ballpoint Pen inks
54
they are with acid of substances such as glycerol, glycol, acetin or benzyl alcohol and water.
Stamp pad inks
55
this inks very much resemble stamp pad inks and are exclusively made with basic dyes.
Hectograph inks
56
these inks are usually composed of a blend of aniline dyes, carbon black and oil such as olien or castol oil.
Typewriter Ribbon inks
57
it is ofeten consist of a mixture of colored pigments, carbon black and a 'base' which may consist of al, resins, synthetic resins or a mixture of these.
Printing inks
58
it is a simple black inks once widely used for writing and printing, and now more commonly used for drawing, especially when inking comics and comic strips.
India ink
59
it may be liquid or made of crystals that are mixed with water before use. It can be used to produce stains and darken paper to make it look older.
Walnut ink
60
it is made from charcoal or soot suspenden in gum, glue, or varnish medium.
Carbon inks
61
it also known as "sumi" produce an intense black appealing to painters of all cultures.
Carbon inks
62
a type of inks that penetrates on the surface of the paper and cannot be reomove like India ink.
Indelible ink
63
a slowly evaporating ink dried on the surface of the paper by penetration.
stamp-pad ink
64
a removal of the ink by chemical or mechanical means.
ink erasure
65
it can break down royal blue ink without residue. It is also known as Super Pirat and Super Sheriff.
Ink eradicator
66
is a change in the text of document or any of its part either for addition or eradication.
Alterations
67
it is an additional text in the document being inserted in the altered portion or text of the document.
Additional Interlineations
68
it is a changing or altering in any portion or part of the documents.
Substitution
69
it is a writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, usully paper.
Pen
70
it was first sold domestically at Gimbels in 1945. they used an ink based on olien, which is still being used by some of the cheaper ballpoints today.
Ballpoint Pens
71
it was subsequantly discovered that substituting wax for the oil in the mixture made the resulting sticks sturdier and easier to handel.
Crayons
72
What are the 7 Types of Pens
Reed Pens
Quill Pen
Metal Nibs-Metal
Fountain Pens
Ballpoints
Fiber Tip pens
Felt tips pen
73
it came from especially selected water gasses found in Egypt, Amenia and along the shores of the Persian Gulf, were prepared by leaving them under dung heaps for several months.
it was the first writing tool that had the writing end slightly frayed like a brush.
Reed pens
74
it is used until the nineteenth century.
Quill pen
75
it is a tip point of writing instrument.
Nib
76
a pen consists of socket with an oil base.
Ball Point Nib
77
an instrument detceting fluorescene substance and impregnated the paper under exposure.
Ultra Violate Light or Infrared Light
78
it comes from the Greek word "palaios", "old" and "graphein", "to write".
Is the study of 13 ancient handwriting and practice of deciphering and reading manuscripts.
Paleography
79
it comes from the Greek word kallos "beauty", + graphe "writing", it is a type 3 of visual art. it is often called the art of fancy lettering (Mediavilla 1996)
Calligraphy
80
the word comes from the Greek words petros meaning "stone", and glyphein meaning "to carve", ( it was originally coined in french as petroglyphe.
Petrography
81
man began written communication as long as 20,000 years ago when he graphically represented obiects and ideas in drawings on cave walls known as Iconography.
Neolithic
82
comes from the Greek word idea + grafo "to write", is graphic symbols that represents a idea or concept.
Ideogram or Ideograph
83
refers to handwriting or image on the walls or surfaces of a public area, such as building, parks, toilets, and trains, etc..
"Graffito" meaning "a scatch".
84
is applied in art history to works of art produced by scatching a design into a surface.
Graffiti
85
a more or less definite pattern for each is stored away in the subjective mind but the hand does not always produce a stereotyped duplicate of that pattern.
Variations in Writing
86
all the letters are to be found initially, medially, and finally.
Position of letter
87
Handwriting as an Exact Science
In the hand of a qualifed examiner operating under light conditions:
Sufficient questioned writing
Sufficient known writing
Sufficient time uses of scientific instruments
88
is the relation of wirting or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.
Alignment
89
sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen an changing direction before continuing.
Angular forms
90
an indefinite connective form that looks flat and wavy.
Thready form
91
a writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity.
Disguised writing
92
side by side comparison; collation as used in this text means the critical comparison on side by side examination.
Collation
93
the act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities ;
It refers not only a visual but also the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the counterparts of the other.
Comparison
94
the study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strokes, the curve and the staight strokes.
Graphoanalysis
95
analysis by comparison and measurement.
Graphometry
96
the art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the study of handwriting.
It is also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting.
Graphology
97
the German word that means "complete" or "whole". also a school of handwriting analysis that looks at handwriting as a whole picture.
Gestalt
98
any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separetely; also called hand printing.
Handlettering
99
any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used; a.k.a as "with the awkward hand".
Wrong-handed writing
100
the amount of space left between letters.
Letter space
101
movement of the baseline. May slant up, down, or straight across the page.
Line Direction
102
the overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes.
There are two classes: Good line quality and Poor line quality.
Line Quality
103
the amount of space left between lines.
Line Space
104
A disconnected form of script or semi-script writing. This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary schools as the first step in learning to write.
Manuscript writing
105
the amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
Margins
106
it embraces all the factors which are related to the motion of the writing instrument skill, speed freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.
Movement
107
the act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surfaces.
Pen emphasis
108
the place where the writer graps the barrel of the pen and the angel at which he holds it.
Pen hold
109
relationship between the pen point and the paper.
Pen position
110
the avarage force with which the pen contracts the paper.
Pen pressure
111
a creative combination of printing and cursive writing.
Printscript
112
the relation between the tall and the short letter is reffered as to the ratio of writing.
Proportion or Ratio
113
a distinct or peculiar character. also it is used in describing handwirting to refer to any identifying factor that is related to the the writing movement itself.
Quality
114
the elements of writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences.
Rhythm
115
it is widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.
Shading
116
any characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.
Significant Writing Habit
117
Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the copybook model.
Simplification
118
may refers to overall size of the writing or the proportions between zones.
Size
119
in any set there are relative degrees or ability or skill and a specimen of handwriting usually contains evidence of the writers proficiency; degree, ability, or skills of a write proficiency
Skill
120
the angle or inclination of the exis of the letters relative to the baseline.
There are three classes:
Slant to the left
Slant to the right
Vertical Slant.
Slope/Slant
121
the personal pace at which the writers pen moves across the paper.
Speed or Writing
122
the degree of force exerted on the pen compared to the degree of relaxation.
Tension
123
the amount of space left between words.
Word space
124
Four 4 Kinds of Handwriting
Finger movement
Hand movement
Forearm movement
Whole forearm movement
125
the thumb, the first, second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion.
Finger movement
126
produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.
Hand movement
127
the movement of the shoulder, hand and arm with the support of the table.
Forearm movement
128
action of the entire arm without resting. i.e blackboard writing.
Whole forearm movement
