T1 > FUEL Sys > Flashcards

FUEL Sys Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of engine does the t-1 have?

A

pratt and whitney turbofan engine with twin spool and full length annular bypass

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2
Q

how much thrust does each engine produce

A

2900 lbs

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3
Q

what senses heat for fire detection?

A

heat sensitive loop in the engine nacelle

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4
Q

how many fuel tanks are in the plane

A

6 (aft cabin, aft fuselage, right and left mid tanks, and two wing tanks)

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5
Q

what are in the wing tanks

A

a fuel feed chamber which transfers fuel to the engines

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6
Q

how does the pratt and whitney turbofan engine work?

A

jet engine compresses air, adds fuel and spark to create combustion, and expels the gasses through the turbine to extract work and exhaust to produce thrust

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7
Q

what are the two major parts of the engine

A

high pressure turbine n2 two stage low pressure compressor (fan) n1

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8
Q

what is the high pressure turbine

A

read by n2 (used on ground numbers). the turbofan engine core airflow provides power to turn the low pressure turbine

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9
Q

how does the two stage low pressure compressor work

A

read by n1. 66% of exhaust gases goes thru bypass duct (thrust) and 33% into the core

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10
Q

what provides the majority of engine thrust?

A

bypass air (esp at low altitude and high power)

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11
Q

what does oil do for the plane?

A

provides cooling and lubrication to the engine bearings and accessory drive gearbox

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12
Q

what is oil cooled by?

A

the fuel oil heat exchanger

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13
Q

what is the oil tank capacity

A

2.03 gallons

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14
Q

what to do if you have high oil temperature?

A

increase throttles (adds more fuel which in turn oils the oil)

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15
Q

what is on the accessory gear box?

A

starter generator HMU oil pump hydraulic pump engine driven fuel pump n2 speed sensor

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16
Q

what does L or R O FLTR BYPASS mean

A

the oil filter has become clogged and the engine is starting to receive unfiltered fuel

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17
Q

what brings back used oil to the oil tank?

A

two scavenger pumps

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18
Q

what does L or R OIL PRESS LO mean?

A

oil pressure falls below 40 psi, this is unsafe

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19
Q

what are igniters? how many are there and where are they?

A

each engine has two igniters in the combustion chamber. they ignite the air and fuel mixture during engine start sequence

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20
Q

what are igniters in during engine start? when are they activated?

A

STBY - activated when the start select switch is placed on the one of the engines

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21
Q

when should the igniters be on?

A

takeoff, approach, landing turbulence or visible precipitation low level operations

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22
Q

when do igniters activate in STBY?

A

engine anti ice is one AOA detects a stall inflight engine restart engine start

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23
Q

what does the HMU do?

A

schedules fuel flow based on throttle position. the HMU must be operable for the engine to work

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24
Q

how much is the HMU responsible for fuel flow during engine start?

A

up to 38% n2 or when EFC OFF annunciator light goes out

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25
what does the EFC do?
refines the fuel and air mixture (gives the engine better fuel efficiency and thrust)
26
with the EFCs inoperative, expect
worse fuel efficiency less thrust slower throttle movements
27
CAUTION associated with EFC
EFCs should be on whenever the engines are running unless a malfunction exists. EFCs OFF can result in fuel coking (carbon buildup) in the nozzles
28
what does the EFCs need to operated? the HMU?
EFCs need DC power HMU works with complete electrical failure
29
with the EFC OFF do not attempt to turn the EFC ON with
the throttle above the normal take off position
30
what does the fire protection subsystem include?
the overheat fire detection and fire extinguishing system
31
what does the fire detection system sense?
excessive heat (not fire or smoke)
32
possible sources of fire detection system being activated
engine fire (along with high ITT, vibration, sounds, smoke) engine overheat (bleed air leak) system malfunction
33
what is the engine fire extinguishing system
2 HALON bottles (BOTTLE ARMED PUSH)
34
WARNING with engine fire bottles
can have a narcotic effect, avoid if you can
35
what is engine sync?
matches engine FAN or TURB RPMs to eliminate noise
36
who is the master engine for engine sync?
left (right = slave)
37
the engine sync will sync what percentage
0.015
38
what causes the sync system to be inoperative
if either EFC fails
39
when should engine sync NOT be used?
take off or landing
40
what is bleed air used for?
high pressure air for heating, cooling, anti ice, and pressurization
41
what does bleed air do to engine performance?
decreases engine performance
42
what are the indications of engine fire?
excessive temperature, fire bell, flames, smoke, high iTT, fluctuating fuel flow
43
what causes a tailpipe fire?
when fuel pools in the engine before start. can light and start a fire
44
what to do when you have a tailpipe fire?
cut off fuel and monitor the engine using the engine starter
45
when should you not do an engine in flight restart?
mechanical failure, loud bang, no windmilling (fire, fod, frozen)
46
when doing an inflight engine restart - when should you windmill start and when should you do a starter assisted restart
below 200 KIAS - use starter above 200 KIAS - use windmill
47
you must be below ____________ to do an engine restart
below pressure alt of 35k
48
what does FEVER mean?
used for engine fire F - fluctuating fuel flow E - excessive ITT V - visual indications E - erratic engine operations R - rough running engine
49
oil pressure classifications
40-60: undesirable, land as soon as practical <40: unsafe, shut down engine
50
what does high oil pressure indicate? what should you do?
above 83 psi. reduce throttle to idle and land as soon as practical
51
if the boost pump begin operation while in AUTO for no apparent reason,
leave the switches in AUTO and land as soon as practical
52
engine EFC failure
decreased engine performance, decreased RPM for a given throttle angle, and slower spool up time
53
what to do with EFC failure?
recycle EFC switch (make sure throttle is below normal T/O position)
54
what should you do with EFCs off?
move the throttle slower to avoid a compressor stall or flameout
55
what should you concern yourself with the other engine with an EFC inop?
do not match the throttles, the operating EFC engine may be overboosted
56
What are flapper valves?
in the wing tanks between 3 bays to ensure fuel flows via gravity
57
how much fuel does the fuel feed chamber hold?
20 gallons (135 lbs)
58
what does the ventilation subsystem in the fuel system do?
allows air to enter and exit the tanks by releasing small amounts of fuel (all automatic, no pilot input)
59
when are fuel quantity displays unreliable?
high AOA or side slip
60
what are electric fuel pumps?
uses electric power to turn and move fuel under pressure. transfer and boost pumps
61
what is the engine driven fuel pump
uses pressure from a mechanical pump driven by the accessory gearbox to provide pressurized fuel to the engine fuel control system
62
what does the engine driven fuel pump need?
needs the engine to be running for this pump to function
63
what is a jet pump
converts low volume/high velocity to high volume/low velocity using the venturi effect.
64
what does the jet pump require?
motive flow (does NOT require electrical power)
65
each _________________________ has a jet pump. this is the primary source of fuel for the _________________________
fuel feed chamber engine driven fuel pump
66
what do the aft and forward transfer jet pumps do?
move fuel from the inboard bay into the fuel feed chamber
67
what is the movement of fuel
aft cabin aft fuselage mid tanks wing tanks fuel feed chamber engines
68
how does the fuel get from the aft cabin to aft fuselage then to mid tanks?
gravity
69
how does fuel get from the mid tanks to wing tanks?
electric transfer pumps
70
the transfer pumps run until two conditions are met
1. float switch in the mid tank signals that the mid tank is near empty 2. pressure in the transfer line drops below 5 +/- .5 psi
71
how does fuel get from the wing tanks to the fuel feed chamber?
electric boost pump primary jet pump forward and aft transfer pumps
72
what do the aft and forward transfer jet pumps do>
move fuel from inboard bay into the fuel feed chamber
73
how does the forward transfer jet pump work
receives motive flow from the boost pump (only operates when the boost pump is on)
74
how does the aft transfer jet pump work?
receives motive flow from the boost pump OR the primary jet pump
75
what does the primary jet pump do?
provides fuel under pressure from the fuel feed chamber through the fuel feed line
76
what does the primary jet pump require
motive flow from the engine driven fuel pump
77
what does the primary jet pump provide to the aft transfer pump?
motive flow
78
what are the four purposes of the electric boost pump?
- fuel pressure during engine start - backup for primary jet pump (provides fuel under pressure thru the fuel feed line) - origin of motive flow for the forward and aft transfer jet pumps - source of fuel pressure during crossfeed
79
what are the boost pumps normally in?
AUTO
80
the boost pump in AUTO is activated when?
- engine start button is pressed - fuel crossfeed - volume in the fuel feed chamber falls below 11 gallons - pressure in fuel feed line drops below 5 psi
81
when does the boost pump need to be reset?
OFF to AUTO due to low volume in FFC or low pressure in FFL
82
what does fuel filter bypass indicate?
unfiltered fuel to the engine. land ASAP. consider climbing immediately to give yourself potential energy
83
what tank do you choose during crossfeed?
the heavier one
84
what are the two types of refueling?what is preferred?
gravity and pressure pressure is better (faster and more fuel)
85
how does gravity refueling work?
three ports (one on each wing and aft fuselage)
86
fuel temperature limits
-40 C to +50 C
87
max fuel imbalance on takeoff
100 lbs
88
max fuel imbalance for in flight
300 lbs
89
what does L or R F XFR PRESS mean?
pressure in fuel transfer line is less than 5 +/- .5 psi
90
what causes the L or R F XFR PRESS?
caused by failure of transfer pump (still fuel in mid tanks but not going to the wing tanks) OR failure of auto shutdown of the transfer pump
91
L or R WG TK OV PRESS meaning
pressure in wing tank exceeds 3.5 +/- .5 psi
92
wing tank over pressure causes
blockage in the vent system or fuel transfer malfunction
93
what should you do with a wing tank over pressure
level off then reference the checklist
94
L or R FUEL LEVEL LO meaning
wing has less than 200 lbs (32 gallons) of usable fuel or less
95
L or R FUEL FEED meaning
fuel feed chamber has 70 lbs or 11 gallons of usable fuel left
96
L or R F FLTR BYPASS meaning
when a 2.3 +/- .2 psi through the filter. land ASAP. climb.
97
L or R FUEL PRESS LO
pressure in fuel feed line drops below 5 +/- .5 psi
98
what do you do with L or R FUEL PRESS LO
place the boost pump on and turn the jet pump off (closing motive flow) to provide positive duel pressure.
99
if you still have L or R FUEL PRESS LO after turning the boost pump on and jet pump off, what does this indicate?
a possible fuel leak
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