The importance of carbon:
Makes up every organic material
Unique bonding ue to having 4 bonding electrons
Can form every single bond, single, double, triple, etc
Can form different shapes, multi rings molecules, diamonds, nanotubes, etc
What are the 6 elements that organic material is made out of?
C, N, O, P, S, H
However, out body is primarily purposed of C, H, O bonds.
What is hydrocarbons?
Molecules only with carbon and hydrogen
What are functional groups ?
A specific combo of atoms on a molecule that afffects the molecules properties
-> IMF and polarity
-> the results to boiling point, solubility, melting point
-> showcases where chemical reactions take place
Why is the polarity of a molecule important
-> LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE
–> polarity controls solubility, polar = can dissolve in our blood, cytosol.
Forces of attraction by polar or ionic is needed in chem reactions to form bonds.
What is the classifications for hydrocarbons: (Name all 5 names)
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Aromatic rings
Aliphatic rings
Alkane
Single bond between carbon and hydrogen
Alkene
Double bond between carbon and hydrogen
Alkyne
Triple bond between carbon and hydrogen
Aromatic rings
Alternating double bonds and single bonds between carbon and hydrogen
Aliphatic rings
Not alternating double and single bonds between carbon and hydrogen
How are hydrocarbons related in functional groups?
Creates the freamework/skeleton to form functional groups:
(Often the backbone)
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: HYDROXYL
Class?
Name in literature:
Carbon double bonded to a OH
Alcohol class
“OL”
-> Ethanol
-> Can form H Bonds and it Oxides (OIL)
When not in a backbone/structure it is in a bent shape
Usually the H2O in dehydration/hydrolsis
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: CARBONYL
Class?
Name in literature:
A carbon double bonded to a oxygen
Aldehyde: Carbon double bonded to an oxygen, which is bonded to another carbon and a hydrogen
“Al”
-> Ethanal
->Acetaldehyde (Name ends with aldehyde)
Ketone: Carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen which is bonded to a carbon and a carbon R (random group)
“ONE”
-> Acetone
BOTH CAN BE OIL
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: CARBOXYL
Class?
Name in literature:
Mix of carbonyl and hydroxyl
Carbon doubled bonded to a O and the same carbon is singled bonded to a OH.
Class: Carboxylic Acid
OIC ACID
forms H bonds and can be oxidzed
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: AMINO
Class?
Name in literature:
Nitrogen single bonded with 2 hydrgoen (Usually/seen as just nitrogen)
Class amino acids
Name: “mine” “mide”
AMINE:
Nitrogen is NOT attached to a carbon doubled bonded oxygen
AMIDE:
Nitrogen is attached to a carbon double bonded oxygen
–> Act as bases (pos charge)
–> can form Hbonds
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: PHOSPHATE
Class?
Name in literature:
Phosphorus bonded with 4 electrons with charges
Classified as nucleotides, nucleic acids, etc
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: SULFHYDRYL
Class?
Name in literature:
SH bonded to a carbon
Name: THOIL
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: ETHER
Class?
Name in literature:
An oxygen single bonded to two carbons
Polar based of Symmetry
Name: Oxy or ether
FUNCTIONAL GROUP: ESTER
Class?
Name in literature:
Carbon double bonded to oxygen but then bonded to a O (R andom ) group
Name: Oate
What is dehydration
Synthesis, where u take away water to add two/more molecules together
What is Hydrolysis
Decomp, u add water to break things down!
