1
Q
Functional mobility
A
- important to OTs because of ADLs
- ambulation
2
Q
Stability
A
- the ability to maintain control of the position or movement of your body
- depends on vision, vestibular system, proprioception, and tactile sensation
- base of support (BoS)
- center of gravity (CoG)
3
Q
Base of support (BoS)
A
- parts of the body or mobility devices that come into contact with the ground and the distance between those points
- the more points of contact and the larger the distance between them = the better the base of support and stability (to help make it easier to do functional mobility)
4
Q
Center of gravity (CoG)
A
- focal point at which gravity acts
- where the weight of an object is evenly distributed
- lowering towards the ground increases center of gravity and stability (athletic stance)
- anatomical position = center of gravity is at the 2nd sacral level
- center of gravity changes with carrying of objects and movement of the body
5
Q
Key takeaways of stability
A
- as your base of support widens, stability increases
- as your center of gravity lowers towards the ground, stability increases
6
Q
Positioning and postural alignment
A
- OTs assess positioning of individuals who spend a lot of time in bed or in a seated position (like in ICU, hospital, and wheelchairs)
- posture
7
Q
Bony processes that can lead to skin breakdown if sitting for prolonged time or laying on the bed
A
- occiput
- scapula
- olecranon
- sacrum
- calcaneus
- ear
- acromion
- lateral epicondyle
- greater trochanter
- epicondyles (of the knee)
- malleoli
- medial epicondyle
- rib cage
- iliac crest
- patella
- toes
- thoracic spinous processes
- ischial tuberosity
- back of knees
- foot
8
Q
Posture
A
- relative position of body segments in response to demands of activity
- depends on sensory input and motor output
- voluntary and involuntary
- lighting, workspace, and environment
9
Q
Ergonomics
A
- fitting the workplace to the worker
- lumbar spine supported against back of chair
- hips, knees, and elbows at 90 degrees
- wrist neutral
- monitor 18-24 inches away from face at eye level
- head and neck in neutral
10
Q
Functional mobility
A
- OTPF
- bed mobility
- wheelchair mobility
- gait
- stance phase
- swing phase
11
Q
OTPF
A
- moving from one position/place to another such as in bed mobility, without mobility, and transfers
- includes functional ambulation and transfer of objects
12
Q
Bed mobility
A
- pain, generalized weakness, paralysis can all impact ability to move in bed (ex: with their core)
- lack of bed mobility can contribute to skin breakdown
- OT provides education on position changes
- use of logrolling, bridging, and sometimes a trapeze bar (SCI)
- speciality bed, hospital beds
13
Q
Gait
A
- typical gait features a reciprocal pattern of lower extremity movement
- alternating stance and swing phases
- includes concentric, eccentric, and isometric contraction
- step
- step width
- cadence
14
Q
Step
A
- distance that one foot advances to the other foot
- measured as the right heel strike to the left heel strike
15
Q
Step width
A
- width (distance) between heels
- determines base of support
16
Q
Cadence
A
- number of steps per minute
17
Q
Sequence of stance phase
A
- heel strike
- foot flat
- mid stance
- heel off
- toe off
18
Q
Sequence of swing phase
A
- acceleration
- mid swing
- deceleration
19
Q
Abnormal gait patterns
A
- Trendelenburg gait
- circumduction gait
- foot drop
- hemiplegic gait
- Parkinsonian gait
- scissor gait
- ataxic gait
20
Q
Trendelenburg gait
A
- weakness in gluteus medius (abductor of hip)
- causes lateral lean to the affected side to compensate for the weakness
21
Q
Circumduction gait
A
- muscle weakness in legs causes trunk and pelvis to compensate by laterally swinging leg out to the side of the body to propel it forward
- occurs with hemiplegia, osteoarthritis of the knee, and general muscle weakness
22
Q
Foot drop
A
- weakness or paralysis of ankle dorsiflexors impair heel strike
- toes come into contact with the ground before the heel
- common after a stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI)
23
Q
Hemiplegic gait
A
- paralysis of one side of the body resulting from stroke, CVA (cerebrovascular accident), or cerebral palsy
- can include circumduction of the leg and foot drop
- hip is adducted and knee locked in extension
- arm is flexed at the elbow and wrist and is held against the body = limits balance
24
Q
Parkinsonian gait
A
- affected by impaired perception and modulation of motor movements
- shuffling feet with small forward movements and limited elevation of the legs
- weight is placed on the balls of the heels with flexion of trunk
25
Scissor gait
- narrowing or crossing over the legs during ambulation
- associated with cerebral palsy and other neurological diagnoses
26
Ataxic gait
- unique gait where strength and range of motion are not compromised BUT the coordination is
- usually caused by neurological impairment of the cerebellum
