what are some causes to functional vd
phonotrauma, muscle tension dysphonia, ventricular phonation, vocal fatigue (effort or overuse or both)
what is phonotrauma
yelling, screaming, excessive throat clearing/coughing, speaking in too high or too low pitch
how common for functional vd
they are the most common
although the mechanisms or respiration, phonation, and resonance appear physically capable of normal voicing and function, they _______________
lack the proper functional balance
functional voice disorders
Muscle Tension Dysphonia primary or secondary and ventricular dysphonia,
what is muscle tension dysphonia
persistent dysphonia that results from excessive laryngeal and related musculoskeletal tension and associated hyperfunctional true and/or false vf vibratory patterns
commonality of MTD?
common
which functional vd has a primary and secondary categorization
Muscular Tension Dysphonia
what is primary MTD
unexplained dysphonia in the absence of current organic pathology, without obvious psychogenic or neurologic etiology
tru or false primary MTD is behaviorally modifiable and is persistent
true
what is secondary MTD
dysphonia in the presence of current organic pathology, or psychogenic or neurologic etiology
what is the difference between primary and secondary MTD
primary is tension without a physical reason and secondary is tension because a physical reason
auditory features of MTD
strained or effortful voice quality, phonation breaks, abnormal habitual pitch, diplophonia
what is diplophonia
when a person produces two distinct pitches simultaneously, breathiness, and vocal fatigue
what are phonation breaks in MTD
sudden stops in phonation production due to excessive tension in VF
what are pitch breaks in MTD
sudden involuntary shifts in vocal pitch due to excessive tension around the layrnx fatigue, poor coordination, or compensatory behaviors
What is venticular dysphonia
pathological interference of the false vocal folds during phonation
how does the ventricular folds help with voice production
they help with resonance support and stabilization of the true vocal cords by helping maintain tension and alignment during phonation
so what happens with the ventricular folds in ventricular dysphonia
they do not cover the true vocal folds
how to diagnose ventricular dysphonia
cant go on sound alone youll need to do a laryngoscopic examination during phonation
what could the etiology of MTD be (primary)
stress, poor vocal habits, environmental irritants, post-illness compensation
what could the etiology of MTD be (secondary)
vocal fold paralysis or paresis, nodules, polyps, or cysts, reflux related inflammation
treatment methods for MTD primary
stress management, hydration and vocal hygiene, posture
what to do if MTD secondary is neuroloical etiology
refer to neurologist
