what are structural vds’
organic voice disorders that result from physical changes in the vocal mechanism, such as alterations in vocal fold tissues
what are causes of structural voice disorders
vocal fold abnormalities or inflammation of the larynx
what are some types of structural voice disorders
Laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis, esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal Fistula
what is laryngomalacia
congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx especially in the supraglottic structures
what symptoms are associated with laryngomalacia
inspiratory stridor, suprasternal retraction, substernal retraction, feeding difficulty, choking, post-feeding vomit, failure to thrive, and cyanosis
what is the surgical intervention for laryngomalacia
supraglottoplasty where you replace tracheostomy. it eliminates inspiratory obstruction by widening the supraglottis
what is the etiology of laryngomalacia
it is mostly congenital during fetal development
what diseases are present during laryngomalacia
concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease, laryngopharynegeal reflux disease
what are some vocal fold abnormalities
vocal nodules, cysts, polyps, edema, glottal stenosis, recurrent respiratory papilloma, and sarcopenia
what are the appearances of nodules
bilateral benign lesions of the vocal folds, on the glottal margin of each vocal fold
what are the auditory features of nodules
breathiness and air wastage, decreased habitual pitch and pitch range, decreased habitual loudness and dynamic range, hoarse voice quality, and vocal fatigue
appearances of polyps
localized fluid filled sac, may be gelatin filled, may be attached by a slim stalk
auditory features of polyps
same as nodules
appearance of cyst
closed sac filled with fluid or semisolid substance
classifications of cysts
mucus retention or epidermal inclusion cysts
causes of Laryngeal cyst
abnormal blockaeg of the ductal system of larynegal mucous lands
what are papillomatosis
wartlike growth that are viral in origin and occur in the dark
what is papillomatosis in children called
juvenile-onset reccurent
