Fungi

Question 1

Histoplasmosis:

1. Endemic area?
2. Features: (5)
3. Sx:

Answer 1

1. Endemic area: southwest (Mississippi, Ohio river)
2. Features: hides in macrophages, assoc with bird, bat dropping, dimorphic, cause pneumonia, can form granuloma but cant transmit person to person
3. Sx: miSSissiPPi
   skin (erythema nodosum), splenomegaly, palate/tongue ulcers, pancytopenia)

Question 2

Blastomycosis

1. Endemic area?
2. Features: (4)
3. Sx:

Answer 2

1. Endemic area: central, east (Great Lake)
2. Features: buds broadly, dimorphic, cause pneumonia, can form granuloma but cant transmit person to person
3. Sx: bone, skin (verrucous)

Question 3

Coccidioidomycosis

1. Endemic area?
2. Features: (3)
3. Sx:

Answer 3

1. Endemic area: east (California)
2. Features: NON-dimorphic (spherules), cause pneumonia, can form granuloma but cant transmit person to person
3. Sx: Jilat My Sexy Boner in California
   joint, meningitis, skin (erythema nodosum/multiforme), bone

Question 4

ParaCoccidioidomycosis

1. Endemic area?
2. Features: (4)
3. Sx:

Answer 4

1. Latin america
2. Captain wheel, dimorphic, cause pneumonia, can form granuloma but cant transmit person to person
3. same with blastomycosis
   bone, skin (verrucous), lung

Question 5

Aspergillus

1. Morphology
2. Affected areas:
3. Treatment

Answer 5

1. budding yeast with pseudohyphae at 20 degree C, germ tubes at 37 deg C, 45 degree angle branching septate hyphae with fruiting bodies
2. ABPA, pneumonia (cavitation with fungus balls)
3. Echinocandins (caspofungin)

Question 6

Candida

1. Morphology
2. Treatment

Answer 6

1. budding yeast with pseudohyphae at 20 degree C
2. Nystatin: oral, vaginal
   Caspofungins: esophagitis

Question 7

Name fungi with pseudohyphae

Answer 7

aspergillus, candida

Question 8

Cryptococcus

1. Morphology in various test
2. Culture agar
3. Tx

Answer 8

• yeast
• Indian ink: soap bubble appearance
• Mucicarmine: polysaccharide capsules stained red
• Latex agglutination test: agglutination present (most specific)
• culture in Saboraud agar
• tx: amphotericin B + flucytosine

Question 9

Mucormycosis

1. Morphology
2. Presentation
3. Ppl at risk

Answer 9

1. non septate hyphae that branch at right angle
2. black eschar, penetrate cribriform plate (sinusitis, orbital cellulites, frontal abscess)
3. DKA, immunosuppression