Fungi

Question 1

Cell walls in fungi are made of what?

Answer 1

Chitin.

Question 2

What are hyphae?

Answer 2

Lomg slender filaments that make up multicellular fungi.

Question 3

What is mycelium?

Answer 3

A mass of hyphae.

Question 4

What is a dikaryon?

Answer 4

(1n+1n)

Question 5

What is plasmogamy?

Answer 5

Fusion of cytoplasm.

Question 6

What is karyogamy?

Answer 6

Fusion of nuclei.

Question 7

What are basidia?

Answer 7

club-shaped reproductive structures.

Question 8

What are ascus?

Answer 8

Saclike reproductive structures.

Question 9

What are the 6 groups that make up the fungi kingdom?

Answer 9

1. Blastocladiomycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Neocallimastigomycota
4. Chytridiomycota
5. Glomeromycota
6. Basidiomycota- club fungi
7. Ascomycota- sac fungi

Question 10

Name one fact about Blastocladiomycota.

Answer 10

1. Alternation of generations
2. Capable of growing on pollen, keratin, cellulose, and chitin
3. Members of catenaria are parasites of nematodes & crustaceans
   4.Members of physoderma are plant parasites

Question 11

Name one fact about Zygomycota.

Answer 11

1. Mostly terrestrial
2. Some are parasitic while others are symbiotic
3. Exhibit a special cell wall
4. Synthesize chitosan instead of chitin
5. Produce trisporic acid (important in the initiation of sexual reproduction)

Question 12

Name one fact about Neocallimastigomycota.

Answer 12

1. Anaerobic fungi
2. Lack mitochondria
3. Can degrade cellulose
4. Found in the guts of herbivores

Question 13

Name one fact about Chytridiomycota

Answer 13

1. One of the earliest living fungal lineages
2. Chitin cell walls, flagellum, use glycogen as energy storage
3. Aquatic fungi

Question 14

Name one fact about Glomeromycota.

Answer 14

1. Majority are found in terrestrial environments but others can be found in wetlands.

Question 15

Name one fact about Basidiomycota- club fungi

Answer 15

1. mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, and shelf fungi
2. Named for basidia, club-shaped reproductive structures
3. Agaricomycotina- Devil’s fingers. jelly fungi, toadstools, sulfur shelf, clavarioid fungi, corticoid fungi
4. Pucciniomycontina- rust-like fungi
5. Ustilginomycotina- Many parasitize wheat, barley, and corn

Question 16

Name one fact about Ascomycota- sac fungi

Answer 16

1. Yeasts, molds cup fungi, truffles, morels
2. Named for ascus, saclike reproductive structure
3. Cause of chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease
4. penicillin producing fungi from genus penicillium

Question 17

Name one fact about magic mushrooms

Answer 17

1. Psiolocybin -> Psilocin
2. Psilocybe, panaeolus, inocybe, pluteus, gymnopilus, pholiotina
3. Used in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts
4. Can cause auditory and visual hallucinations, altered perception of time and space
5. Can cause hilarity, lack of concentration, heightened anxiety, cannot discern reality from fantasy, panic psychosis.

Question 18

Where do fungi fit-in, in the biosphere?

Answer 18

They are the primary decomposers.

Question 19

In what 3 ways can fungi be symbiotic with other organisms?

Answer 19

1. Parasitic
2. Commensal
3. Mutualistic

Question 20

What are mutualistic fungi?

Answer 20

1. Lichen
2. Fungi get nutrients from a photosynthetic partner
3. Photosynthetic partner gets protection from ecological conditions it couldn’t handle without the fungus

Question 21

Lichens come in what 3 growth forms?

Answer 21

1. Fruticose
2. Foliose
3. Crustose

Question 22

What is commensal fungus?

Answer 22

1. Colonizes genital and gastrointestinal mucosa of mice, humans and other mammals.
2. Can become pathogenic or imunosuppressed.

Question 23

What is parasitic fungus?

Answer 23

Invades and replaces host tissue with itself.

Question 24

What are 4 types of fungal infections?

Answer 24

1. Ringworm
2. Athlete’s foot
3. Toe fungus
4. Chytridiomycosis

Question 25

Hyphal body forms allow for what?

Answer 25

Larger surface to volume ratio.

Question 26

Fungi have what type of life cycle?

Answer 26

A haplodiplontic life cycle.

Question 27

How does sexual reproduction occur?

Answer 27

When two hyphae of compatible mating types come into contact with each other.

Question 28

Fusion of haploid hyphae may result in what?

Answer 28

Dikaryon

Question 29

What is the most common mean of production?

Answer 29

Spores