Gastroenteritis

Question 1

What 2 conditions is Gastroenteritis made up of?

Answer 1

1. Gastritis
2. Enteritis

Question 2

What is Gastritis?

Answer 2

Inflamm of stomach

Question 3

How are the CF of Gastritis? (2 things)

Answer 3

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting

Question 4

What is Enteritis?

Answer 4

Inflamm of intestines

Question 5

What is the CF of Enteritis?

Answer 5

Diarrhoea

Question 6

What is Gastroenteritis?

Answer 6

Inflamm from stomach to intestines

Question 7

What are the main CF of Gastroenteritis? (3 things)

Answer 7

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhoea

(CF of Gastritis + Enteritis together)

Question 8

How common is Gastroenteritis in kids?

Answer 8

Very common, some kids have it several times a year

Question 9

What is it important you do once you have identified a Gastroenteritis pt?

Answer 9

Isolate dem, bc they can easily spread it

Question 10

What is the most common cause of Gastroenteritis?

Answer 10

Viral

Question 11

What are the most common Virus that causes Gastroenteritis? (2 things)

Answer 11

1. Rotavirus (most common)
2. Norovirus

Question 12

What is the most common Bacteria that causes Gastroenteritis?

Answer 12

Campylobacter

Question 13

What are the CF of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)

Answer 13

1. Mild fever
2. Vomiting
3. Abd pain / cramps
4. Diarrhoea

Question 14

How long does Diarrhoea last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?

Answer 14

• Lasts 5-7 days
• Usually stops within 2 weeks

Question 15

How long does Vomiting last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?

Answer 15

1. Lasts 1-2 days
2. Usually stops within 3 days

Question 16

What is the most important complication to note with Gastroenteritis?

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

Which Gastroenteritis kids are at risk of Dehydration? (4 things)

Answer 17

1. Under 6 months old
2. 5+ diarrhoea in 1 day
3. 2+ vomiting in 1 day
4. Stopped breastfeeding during illness

Question 18

What are the Differential Dx that present similarly (aka Diarrhoea) to Gastroenteritis? (7 things)

Answer 18

1. IBD
2. IBS
3. Lactose intolerance
4. Coeliac disease
5. CF
6. Toddlers diarrhoea
7. Medications (abx)

Question 19

Are investigations usually done for sus Gastroenteritis?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

When should a stool sample be sent in Gastroenteritis? (3 things)

Answer 20

1. Sus septicaemia
2. Blood / mucus in stool
3. Child immunocompromised

Question 21

What bloods can be done in specific circumstances in Gastroenteritis? (5 things)

Answer 21

1. Na
2. K
3. Creatinine
4. Urea
5. Glucose

Question 22

What specific circumstances would make you do bloods in Gastroenteritis? (2 things)

Answer 22

1. IV fluids going to be used
2. Hypernatraemia CF (jittery / increased muscle tone / hyperreflexia / drowsy / coma)

Question 23

What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if NOT clinically dehydrated? (4 things)

Answer 23

1. Continue breastfeeding / milk feeds
2. Encourage fluid intake
3. Discourage fruit juices + fizzy drinks (esp if risk of dehydration)
4. Oral rehydration salt solution (ORS) if at risk of dehydration

Question 24

What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if Clinically dehydrated? (2 things)

Answer 24

1. IV therapy
2. Oral therapy

Question 25

What are the indications for IV therapy? (4 things)

Answer 25

1. Sus shock 2. Red flag CF 3. Dehydration CF depite Oral therapy 4. Vomiting @ ORS solution

Question 26

What are the indications for Oral therapy?

Answer 26

Everyone unless indicated for IV therapy

Question 27

What does Oral therapy of Gastroenteritis w Dehydration involve? (2 things)

Answer 27

1. ORS solution (50ml / kg over 4 hours) 2. Milk feeds / water (but no fruit juice / fizzy drinks)

Question 28

What should you consider if a child is refusing Oral fluids?

Answer 28

NG tube

Question 29

How does the UK try prevent Gastroenteritis in the first place?

Answer 29

Rotarix vaccine (rotavirus oral vaccine) (part of national vaccination programme)

Question 30

When is the Rotarix vaccine given to babies?

Answer 30

8 + 12 weeks

Question 31

What are the possible complications of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)

Answer 31

1. Lactose intolerance 2. IBS 3. Reactive arthritis 4. Guillain-Barre syndrome