Gene Structure and Expression

Question 1

the complete set of genes or genetic material in a cell or organism

Answer 1

Genome

Question 2

the sufficient amount of genetic material that codes for a particular trait of an organism

Answer 2

Gene

(only a portion in the DNA)

Question 3

in a single cell, especially in eukaryotic cells, genes are found not only in the nucleus but also in the

Answer 3

cytoplasm

(nuclear and cytoplasmic genome)

Question 4

characteristics of an organism = _______;
with genetic basis = _______

Answer 4

phenotype;
genotype

(for a particular genotype, there is a gene for a specific phenotype)

Question 5

the chromatin thread consists of a series of units that are monomers called

Answer 5

nucleosome

Question 6

several monomeric units in a string refers to

Answer 6

polymer

Question 7

DNA is a polymer consisting of several monomers. The monomeric units are called

Answer 7

nucleotides

Question 8

structure around which the DNA is coiled so the DNA would be condensed; helps with the stabilization of the DNA structure

Answer 8

histone complex

(containing 4 histone proteins)

Question 9

structure of DNA

Answer 9

double helical structure

Question 10

two types of nitrogenous bases

Answer 10

purines & pyrimidines

(Purines = Adenine (A), Guanine (G);
Pyrimidines = Cytosine (C), Thymine (T))

Question 11

basic component of a nucleic acid

Answer 11

nucleotide molecule

Question 12

three parts of a nucleotide molecule

Answer 12

base, sugar, phosphate

Question 13

double-ring structure

Answer 13

Purines

Adenine (A), Guanine (G)

Question 14

single-string structure

Answer 14

Pyrimidines

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)

Question 15

sugar component in a nucleotide molecule is a

Answer 15

5-carbon sugar (pentose)

(DNA nucleotides have deoxyribose; RNA nucleotides have ribose)

Question 16

polar group of a phospholipid

Answer 16

phosphate

Question 17

in the DNA, the rungs of the ladder is represented by

Answer 17

matching base pairs

Question 18

Adenine binds with Thymine; while Guanine binds with Cytosine, how are they combined together?

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonds

Question 19

the sugar backbone is NOT a mirror of the other, therefore the two strands are

Answer 19

antiparallel

Question 20

X-ray crystallographer that took the photograph of DNA

Answer 20

Rosalind Franklin

Question 21

One of them went to England and saw the picture of DNA by Franklin then constructed the double-helical structure of DNA; won the Noble Prize

Answer 21

Watson & Crick

Question 22

DNA has Thymine, while RNA has ______

Answer 22

Uracil

(it has something to do with RNA’s single-stranded nature)

Question 23

ribose minus an oxygen at the 2′ carbon

Answer 23

Deoxyribose

(Ribose has an oxygen at the 2′ carbon)

Question 24

The numbering of _______ _______ is the basis for identification of 5’ and ‘3 ends of DNA and RNA strands.

Answer 24

ribose carbons

Question 25

3' carbon is attached to?

Answer 25

–OH (Hydroxyl group)

Question 26

5' carbon is attached to?

Answer 26

Phosphate group (DNA and RNA strands have directionality (5′ → 3′))

Question 27

In a single strand, the nucleotides connect through

Answer 27

Phosphodiester linkage (In a double strand, Hydrogen bonds)