Staccato
Short detached notes
Legato
Notes played smoothly
Pedal
Notes repeated in the bass
Inverted pedal
Note repeated in an upper part
Arpeggio
Notes of a chord played one after another
Contrary motion
Parts moving in opposite directions
Discord
A chord with notes that clash
Perfect cadence
Music sounds finished
Imperfect Cadence
Music doesn’t sound finished
Modulation
Change of key
Countermelody
Melody that plays alongside the main melody
Imitation
Music is copied by another instrument
Anacrusis
Music before the first beat of the bar
Octave
Distance between low c and high c
Chromatic
Moving semitones