General description and classification of hemorrhagic diathesis

Question 2

What is bleeding diathesis?

Answer 2

An unusual susceptibility to bleed (hemorrhage).

Question 3

How is bleeding diathesis classified based on etiology?

Answer 3

Based on hematologic causes and vascular causes.

Question 4

What are the two main hematologic causes of bleeding diathesis?

Answer 4

Thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy.

Question 5

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 5

A condition characterized by a low platelet count.

Question 6

Name a primary cause of thrombocytopenia.

Answer 6

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 7

What is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

Answer 7

An X-linked recessive disease characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections.

Question 8

what is Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 8

autoimmune disease with antibodies detectable against several platelet surface antigens

Question 9

What are some secondary causes of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 9

Malignancy, aplastic anemia, DIC, sepsis, HUS.

Question 10

What is coagulopathy?

Answer 10

A condition that affects the blood’s ability to coagulate.

Question 11

Name a primary cause of coagulopathy.

Answer 11

Von-Willebrand disease.

Question 12

What are some secondary causes of coagulopathy?

Answer 12

DIC, anticoagulants, Vitamin K deficiency, hepatic failure.

Question 13

What is a vascular cause of bleeding diathesis?

Answer 13

Non-hematologic factors such as vasculitis, ulcer, trauma.

Question 14

What is petechiae?

Answer 14

Pinpoint hemorrhage appearing as small red or purple spots on the skin < 0.3 cm.

Question 15

In what situations are petechiae commonly observed?

Answer 15

Coughing, holding breath, vomiting, crying, sepsis.

Question 16

What is purpura?

Answer 16

Hemorrhage similar to petechiae but measuring 0.3-1 cm.

Question 17

What common causes can lead to purpura?

Answer 17

Typhus, meningitis caused by meningococci or septicaemia.

Question 18

What is ecchymosis?

Answer 18

A type of hemorrhage greater than 1 cm, similar to a bruise.

Question 19

What is a hematoma?

Answer 19

A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels.

Question 20

What can cause a hematoma?

Answer 20

Disease or trauma including injury or surgery.

Question 21

What happens to a hematoma after formation?

Answer 21

It may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels.