General GIT

Question 1

What is the ailmentary canal

Answer 1

Tube from lips to anus

Question 2

What is the tunica mucosa

Answer 2

In GIT- next to lumen
3 layers
protected by a layer of mucous

Question 3

What are the three layers of the tunica mucosa

Answer 3

Laminae epithelialis mucosa
Lamina propria mucosa
Lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 4

What is the tunica submucosa

Answer 4

In oesophagus
Dense connective tissue that has glands, lymph vessels and Meissner’s plexus

Question 5

What is the tunica muscularis

Answer 5

In GIT
Smooth or skeletal muscle
has nerve plexus

Question 6

What is the tunica serosa

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue in oesophagus
In GIT

Question 7

What is the anatomy of the oesophagus like

Answer 7

Relatively wide and dilatable constriction at origin
Connects pharynx to stomach
Mostly accompanied by left common carotid artery and vagosympathetic and recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 8

What is the path of the oesophagus

Answer 8

1. dorsal to cricoid cartilage of larynx
2. follows tracheal inclining to the left (dorsal)
3. Regains median position above trachea shortly around thorax
4. Continuous beyond trachea bifurcation
5. Penetrates diaphragm and joins stomach ventral to the 11/12th thoracic vertebrae

Question 9

what are the three sections of the oesophagus

Answer 9

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

Question 10

What do sphincter muscles do

Answer 10

Control stomach emptying

Question 10

General structure of stomach

Answer 10

C-shaped
Left side of cranial abdomen
Food enters cardiac sphincter and exits through pyloric sphincter
Parietal surface is extensive, strongly convex and faces forwards and ventral more to the left

Question 11

What are the segments in a simple stomach

Answer 11

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 12

What is the intrinsic structure of a simple stomach

Answer 12

Composed mainly of gastric glands that occupy most of the lamina propria
tunica mucosa = folds in mucosa of stomach

Question 13

What are the simple stomach glands

Answer 13

Cardiac gland
Fundic gland
Pyloric gland

Question 14

What are the cell types of simple stomach

Answer 14

Gastric mucosa has many pits
Simple columnar epithelium lines the lumen

Question 15

What sort of cells are in the gastric mucosa pits and what do they do

Answer 15

Mucous cells - mucin
Parietal - HCl
Endocrine - G cell
Chief - protein secreting

Question 16

Simple stomach location

Answer 16

Greater curvature = mainly to left
Parietal surface - in contact with liver, faces cranioventrally
Visceral surface - in contact with abdominal viscera-intestines, caudodorsally facing

Question 17

What is the peritoneum

Answer 17

A thin serous membrane of mesothelial cells
Lines abdominal and pelvic cavities, and some organs

Question 18

What is connecting peritoneum

Answer 18

Double layered serosa connecting two peritoneum/mesentery/ligament

Question 19

What is peritoneal recesses

Answer 19

Excavations of peritoneum into pelvic cavity

Question 20

What is the omentum

Answer 20

Connecting peritoneum
There is a greater and lesser omentum

Question 21

Where is the lesser omentum

Answer 21

lesser curvature of stomach -> liver

Question 22

Where is greater omentum

Answer 22

Greater curvature of stomach -> left part of colon and pancreas -> dorsal body wall
Has deep and superficial leaves

Question 23

What is the omental bursa

Answer 23

Area enclosed by greater omentum leaves

Question 24

What is the epiploic foramen

Answer 24

Omental bursa opening to peritoneal cavity

Question 25

What are the three parts of the small intestine in order

Answer 25

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 26

What is mesentery

Answer 26

Connecting peritoneum that attaches to abdominal wall Named according to organ Has vessels, nerves and lymphatics to supply intestines

Question 27

Small intestine structure

Answer 27

Mucosa is highly folded tunica mucosa and submucosa form plicae circulares (circular folds) Have villi lined by columnar epithelial cells Crypts between villi

Question 28

Structure of duodenum

Answer 28

Has the longest villi and most goblet cells Has tall columnar epithelial cells

Question 29

Structure of ileum

Answer 29

Epithelia of ilium extend to lamina propria Cells in crypts are involved in host defense and signalling Ileal mucosa has large numbers of organised lymphoid tissue called Peyer's patches

Question 30

Structure of large intestine

Answer 30

Has: caecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon rectum

Question 31

What is the blood supply of the stomach like

Answer 31

3 main branches of coeliac artery: Left gastric, hepatic, splenic veins correspond to arteries and drain in portal vein

Question 32

What is the blood supply to the intestine like

Answer 32

Cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries

Question 33

What is the innervation of the GIT like

Answer 33

Stomach and intestines innervated by parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric nervous system

Question 34

Left topographical review of Canine git

Answer 34

Stomach extends from 9th to 12th rib Ascending duodenum travels cranially on left side of the root of mesentery Jejunum reaches from stomach to the pelvic inlet and rests upon greater omentum Descending colon begins at level of 12th thoracic vertebrae

Question 35

Right topographical review of canine GIT

Answer 35

Descending duodenum passes caudally on right side of abdomen - begins at 9th intercostal space till 6th lumbar vertebrae Caecum is ventral to right kidney and dorsal to intestine