General - Pathogenesis

Question 1

285

Dystrophic calcification (Infracus renis anemicus)
Pathogenesis

Answer 1

• Infract causes tissue damage causing inflammation, degeneration, cell death and protein denaturation
• This causes calcification
• Granulation tissue prevents further infiltration of the pathological process

Question 2

225

Hemosiderosis of spleen (Liesegang)
Pathogenesis

Answer 2

• Haemosiderin is an endogenous (yellow, beown) pigmentation
• They are released from erythrocyte breakdown
• Occurs in the spleen and other organs of monocyte-macrophage system (lymph nodes, liver, kidneys)

Question 3

33

Necrosis hepatis centrolobularis
Pathogenesis

Answer 3

• Seen under conditions of viral infection, hypoxia or anaemia from failing circulation
• Causing necrosis of the hepatocytes in a particular zone of the tubules results in dilation and congestion of the sunusoid
• Necrosis is the death of tissue in a living organism

Question 4

180

Necrosis hepatis focalis
Pathogenesis

Answer 4

• Simple coagulative necrosis occurs when trabecular structure of the tissue is preserved through the necrotic process
• Heterolysis occurs when cells are degraded by other cells

Question 5

187

Infractus renis anemicus
Pathogenesis

Answer 5

• Infract (obstruction of blood supply) causes tissue damage leading to necrosis, nuclear karyolysis is present in coagulative necrosis
• Affected areas of kidney are surounded by normal structures and function

Question 6

223

Chronic passive hyperemia of liver
Pathogenesis

Answer 6

• Any cause of increase of pressure within the hepatic beins and sinusoids, disturbes blood drainage causing congestion
• Leading to hepatocellular hypoxia, kupffer cell activation and collagen deposition = liver fibrosis
• Eventually the reduced blood flow exacerbates heparic dysfunction

Question 7

25

Pleuritis fibrinosa (repair by organisation)
Pathogenesis

Answer 7

• Inflammatory stimulus leads to mediator release and the pleural blood vesel permeability increases
• Fibrin deposition occurs an accumulates in the pleural space, and eventually organises into fibrous scarring
• Often accompanied by crupous inflammation in the lungs

Question 8

148

Fibrosis myocardii
Pathogenesis

Answer 8

• Repair of damaged myocardium, when arising granulation tissue mature to high differentiated connective tissue during healing

Question 9

255

Bronchopneumonia purulenta
Pathogenesis

Answer 9

• Infectious agent, usually bacteria, triggers inflammatory response
• Exudate then forms with neutriphils predominating as main cell population
• Accumulation causes consolidation of the lung tissue

Question 10

253

Pericarditis fibrinosa
Pathogenesis

Answer 10

• Small amount of fibrin leaves the vessels and settles in the pericardium, where it proliferates
• Demonstrates acute stadium of serosal fibrinous inflammation
• Production of fibrous tissue represents healing of fibrinous inflammation

Question 11

166

Cirrhosis hepatis
Pathogenesis

Answer 11

• Fibrous tissue originates from interlobular spaces and moves into lobule centers, causing press atrophy of parenchyma
• Proliferation of interstitial tissue leads to fibroblasts forming fibrous connective tisue
• Biliary hyperplasia is associated with peribiliary fibrosis

Question 12

201

Actinomycosis
Pathogenesis

Answer 12

• Affects one part of the jaw, in tisse and bone (“lumpy jaw”)

Question 13

263

Pneumonia TBC miliaris - poultry
Pathogenesis

Answer 13

• Formation of tiny granulomas in the lungs lead to respiratory signs after infection with Mycobacterium

Question 14

264

Pneumonia TBC miliaris - poultry with Ziehl-Nielson
Pathogenesis

Answer 14

• Formation of tiny granulomas in the lungs lead to respiratory signs after infection with mycobacterium
• During gerneralised TBC process, the lungs tend to be the last organ receiving tubercule dissemination

Question 15

219

Adenoma and adenocarcinoma sabaceum
Pathogenesis

Answer 15

• In adenomas there may be necrotic changes in the nuclei
• In adenocarcinoma the alveolar centers undergo regressive changes such as dystrophy and necrosis

Question 16

235

SCC - Squamous cell carcinoma
Pathogenesis

Answer 16

• Characterised by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising from squamous cells in epidermis

Question 17

283

Fibroma molle
Pathogenesis

Answer 17

• Benign tumour that arises from fibrous connective tissue, consisting of fibrous material predominating at the expense of nuclei and plumb cell bodies
• Slow growing and do not metastasize
• Can cause press atrophy or issues depending on their location