Special - Description

Question 1

248

Post Traumatic Focal Inflammatory Reaction of Myocardium
Description

Answer 1

• Round hole surrounded expressive reaction tissue, includes neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes
• Process locally intrudes to deeper areas as a result of foreign body

Question 2

261

Vasculitis Chronica
Description

Answer 2

• Tunica media of aorta has increased in thickness as native fibrous tissue proliferates
• Seen by increased fibroblasts (producing intercellular collagen fibres), lymphocytes and macrophage infiltration (due to chronic inflammation)

Question 3

262

Mediocalcinosis (van Kossa)
Description

Answer 3

• The van Kossa staining is used to prove the presence of calcium (calcia salt deposition)
• Between tunica intima and tunica media among the cells and also in the intercellular mass there are bown diffuse staining as the evidence of calcium salts

Question 4

6

Emphysema Alveolare Chronicum
Description

Answer 4

• Alveoli are too large and either have wide openings into each other or common space due to rupture
• Blunt broken ends of walls may persist and thicken, becoing inelastic, but other walls may be streached and thin
• Blood filled capillaries are scarce

Question 5

200

Endobronchiolotis Obliterans et peribronchitis nodosa
Description

Answer 5

• Bronchioles with obstructed lumina, filled with fibroelastic granulation tissue, proliferating into the alveoli (endobronchiolitis)
• Granulation tissue can also be seen on the periphery of the bronchioles (peribrochiolitis)

Question 6

228

Crupous (fibrinous, lobar) Pneumonia and Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia
Description

Answer 6

• Basophilic margin created by polymorphus leukocytes inside alveoli
• Beginning stage of grey hepatisation
• Other alveoli are filled with pinkish mass containing fine fibrinous fibres
• Dilated lymph vessels and foci of fungal hyphae
• At one margin there is a cord, created by mature fibrous tissue, the alveolar walls and broncholes are thickened by fibrous hyperplasia due to chronic process (chronic perilobular, intralobular and peribronchial interstitial pneumonia)

Question 7

270

Epulis Fibromatosa
Description

Answer 7

• Islands of conspicuous proliferated gingival squamous epithelum separated by maturated dense fibrous stroma with blood vessels
• Dense fibrillar collagen is present with stellate cells and a regular, open vascular pattern

Question 8

177

Colitis Fibrinosa (Levaditi)
Description

Answer 8

• Staining by Levaditi
• Masses of fibrin seen on yellow floor base of large intestine
• Black round curve and distinct undulating sticks (causative agents) often observed in exudate

Question 9

9

Lymphadenitis Acuta Simplex
Description

Answer 9

• Follicular structure of lymph node is obscured due to follicular hyperplasia and oedema
• Blood vessels are dilated and filled with blood
• Subscapular siunuses are also dilated and filled with leukocytes and neutrophils (mainly)

Question 10

238

Infectious Bursal Disease
Description

Answer 10

• Desquamation of epithelial cells in the folds is seen
• Extensice hyperaemia and edema of interstitial tissue
• Liquefactive necrosis, lack of lymphocytes in lymph follicles due to apoptosis is seen
• Proliferation of stroma and fibrinous exudate leakage from the bursa

Question 11

27

Cholangitis et Pericholangitis Chronica Hyperplastica (Coccidiosis Hepatis Cunuculorum)
Description

Answer 11

• Irregularly shaped areas bordered by fibrous tissue are seen indicating bile duct wall hyperplasia
• Epithelium proliferates and forced up into papillary folds, simulating adenomatous hyperplasia

Question 12

268

Hepatitis Purulenta Acuta
Description

Answer 12

• Cross section of bovine liver with advanced traumatic reticuloperitonitis
• A conspicuous extravasation and increased infiltration of parenchyma by neutrophils in some lobules between branches of hepatocytes

Question 13

196

Leucosis Lymphadenoidea hepatis
Description

Answer 13

• One end of the liver there is basophilic stained tumour tissue formed by slightly differentiated lymphocytes

Question 14

164

Glomerulonepritis Chronica
Description

Answer 14

• Nearly all glomeruli are morphologocally changed
• Many show thickened Bowman’s capsule, which press on the glomeruli causing atrophy (periglomerulitis chronica)
• Many vessels of the glomeruli are hyalinized, some are fibrotic (sclerosis)
• Large number of tubules atrophy and others dilated and become filled with eosinophilic casts
• The interstitium is dilated and infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells – lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophils (rare)
• Proliferate (dark purple brain), Membranous (pink brain), Membranoproliferative (purple flower smudge) and Glomerulosclerosis (pink smudge circle/ring)

Question 15

259

Nephrocirrhosis
Description

Answer 15

• In some parts there is differentiated granulation tissue that causes atrophy of the parenchyma
• Tubular epithelium and glomeruli undergo atrophy and necrosis, interstitium is infiltrated with lymphocytes
• Lumen of some tubules and glomeruli are filled with hyaline
• Walls of the vessels show fibrotic thickening
• Thickening wall of the Bowman’s capsule is seen as a finely basophilic stained amorphous mass
• Calcium deposition is seen

Question 16

250

Nephrocirrhosis (Van Koss)
Description

Answer 16

• Staining with van Kossa to prove presence of calcium salts
• Finely basophilic stained amorphous mass of bowman’s capsule causes thickening, dark brown stain shows positive reaciton for calcium salts

Question 17

206

Meningitis Spinalis Purulenta
Description

Answer 17

• The meningies (dura mater, arachnoidea and pia mater) are dilated and infiltrated by cells, mainly neutrophils
• White matter of spinal cord is not seriously damaged
• Dilation of lymp cessels and blood vessels may be seen, filled with edema and inflammatory infiltrate

Question 18

159

Cysticercus ovis (brain)
Description

Answer 18

• At the peripehry of the section under the meninges, ther is a cyst that intrudes into the brain
• In the center there is necrosis, mostlu infiltrated by eosinophils
• Surroundings of the necrosis filled with granulation tissue (with giant cells) forming a capsule

Question 19

207

Fibrosarcoma Uteri
Description

Answer 19

• Tumour tissue composed of bundles of fibrous cells in different orientations and directions
• There is abundant capillary framework in the tissue
• Cells are slender, prolonged and typical spindled with large oval, bright nuclei
• Ratio of mitotic figures in the nuclei is high and tissue is poor for collagen fibres
• At the margin there is an extensive necrosis borderde mainly by neutrophils with nreaking nuclei

Question 20

242

Hypertrophy of Prostata
Description

Answer 20

• Fibroelastic capsule at one margin with smooth muscle cell bundles
• Fibrotic septae divide the parenchyma into lobules
• Glandular epithelium is papillomatous proliferated
• Cysts with fluid arise under the capsule due to enlarged prostatic gland lumens
• Opposite side there is proliferation of fibromuscular stroma and different large cysts with atrophic epithelium

Question 21

163

Dystrophia Musculorum
Description

Answer 21

• Normal and degenerated myofibres can be seen
• Sarcoplasm of degenerated fibres is homogenized (hyaline dystrophy) and damaged by large shreds or tiny granules
• Sarcolemma may also be rupturedin the process of Zenker’s necrosis
• Surroundings infiltrated by leukocytes and lymphatic capillaries are dilated

Question 22

151

Trichinellosis Musculorum
Description

Answer 22

• Larva located in the tissue section, some are encapsulated and some are not
• Surroundings show a focal myositis, characterized by the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils

Question 23

109

Myositis Sarcosporidica
Description

Answer 23

• Skeletal muscle with sarcocysts with sarcosporidia inside
• Some are stained by eosinophilic colour = dead parasites
• Some may be calcifided (dark red, violet)
• These cysts are bordered by inflammatoy cells – inflammatory cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and fibroblasts (rarely) form a capsul

Question 24

273

Mastitis Apostematosa
Description

Answer 24

• Local necrotic reminants of native glandular structure (simple necrosis) remain
• Bordered by remnants of purulent exudate to the periphery, followed by formation of non-specific granulation tissue in a chronic process
• Macrophages , lymphocytes and fibroblasts are present
• Violet stained homogenous mass = corpora amylacea

Question 25

# 240 Tumor mixtus mammae **Description**

Answer 25

* Proliferation by epithelial as well as fibrou tissue * Epithelial proliferation preseves normal structure (glandular) with varying size and form of lumina * Connective tissue proliferation is mottled with fibroid, myxoid and chondroid structures and mineral precipitatin

Question 26

# 258 Dermatitis Eosinophilica **Description**

Answer 26

* Dermis and excessively hyperemic subcutis on the inner side if the ear are infiltrated by eosinophils * Erythrocytes observed free in the tissue (extravasation into the subcutis) and on the skin surface

Question 27

# 237 Fibropapiloma **Description**

Answer 27

* Proliferation of fibrous tissue is as great or greater than epithelial tissue * Forms whorls of fibres with plumb, stippled nuclei with few mitotic changes * Epithelial rete pegs penetrate deep into the fibrous moiety * On epidermis surface there is excessive hyperkeratosis ans parakeratosis * epidermal cells below undergo dystrophy. The cytoplasm containing numerous smaller and larger basophilic clumps