Genetic standardisation

Question 1

What are outbred lines also called?

Answer 1

stocks

Question 2

What are inbred lines also called?

Answer 2

strains

Question 3

Name some characteristics of outbred stocks?

Answer 3

• heterozygosity undefined
• genetic profile unkown
• random-mated, close colonies
• high reproductive performance and high vigor
• phenotypically variable
• not identifiable - not defined by genetic profile
• cheap and large

resemble human population

Question 4

How are inbred strains defined?

Answer 4

The result of more than 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister mating

An inbred strain may be regarded as an immortal clone of an almost constant genotype

Question 5

Name some properties of inbred strains

Answer 5

• isogenicity
• homozygosity
• phenotypic uniformity
• long term stability
• individuality of the strain
• internatl distribution
• identificaition (PCR primers available)
• senstivity (to, e.g., environmental factors)

Question 6

When should outbred stocks be used in research?

Answer 6

• large amounts of tissue
• education
• base population for selective breeding
• genetic mapping

Question 7

When should inbred strains be used?

Answer 7

In all cases where use of outbred stocks is not particularly justified

Question 8

What are F1 hybrids?

Answer 8

• Cross between 2 inbred strains
• heterozygosity high
• isogenic
• robust - high vigour

Question 9

Name main causes for genetic change

Answer 9

• genetic contamination or immigration
• mutation
• directional selection
• random drift