When did rationing start?
1939
How was food rationed?
1 egg per person
500g of meat
250 g of sugar
What did the einsatzgruppen do?
- men who killed for the Nazis
- 4 groups of mass killers
- inexperiences men who volunteered for the killings
- mass shooting put a mental strain on the men
- resulted in utilising gas vans
- 6,000 members
- responsible for up to 10,000 deaths
What happened as belzec?
- Nazi killing center located in eastern Poland
- It opened in March 1942 and closed in December 1942.
- More than 600,000 persons, overwhelmingly Jews were murdered there, initially in gas vans and later in gas chambers.
What happened at the July bomb plot?
1944
group of officers tried to blow up a building which hitler was in
- failed and Hitler survived
What was the justice system like under Hitler?
- judges had to sign oath to Hitler
- however some judges still tried to maintain proper standards of justice
How did the USA joining the war affect anything?
1941
Germany believed they had less chance of winning which caused them to try kill as many or pole before their loss
Attack on Hamburg
1943 bombing chased a firestorm
- 30,000 died
What was the Truman doctrine?
1947, President Truman’s policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
What was the marshal aid plan?
1947
- gave money to European countries to rebuild
What was the berlin blockade?
April 1, 1948
Russia under Stalin blockaded Berlin completely in the hopes that the West would give the entire city to the Soviets to administer.
-To bring in food and supplies, the U.S. and Great Britain mounted air lifts which became so intense that, at their height, an airplane was landing in West Berlin every few minutes. West Germany was a republic under Franc, the U.S. and Great Britain. Berlin was located entirely within Soviet-controlled East Germany.
Events of total war 1943
- US president + UL prime minister agree on strategy
- Night bombard civilian population
- Day bombard official targets and factories
- Bombs caused firestorm which killed 42,000
- People flee into cellars
- High explosive airbombs dropped
- 25,000 injured or buried alive in one night
- 1/2 mil dead overall
Events of the defeat at Stalingrad
1943
- Stalingrad was turned into a fortress -> was a wasteland
- Hand to hand combat lasting weeks
- 1 million soldiers attack
- Allied soldiers are under siege in stalingrad
- People died from hunger and cold
- 1/3 of Germans survive
- Nazis are defeated
- Millions die 1/2 civilians
- Nazi morale lost since they lost to ‘subhumans’
What happened at the Wannsee conference
1942
- plans to kill millions of Jews
- lower ranking of finals met up to discuss
- not a single Hugh ranking nazi official because they didn’t want to be associated with the decision
- all evidence if the conference was erased
- avoided directly talking about their plans
What was the blitzkrieg
- Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 to destroy it as a nation.
- Britain and France declared war on Germany.
- German forces quickly overwhelmed Polish defenses.
- Two weeks in, the Red Army invaded from the east.
- Hitler and Stalin agreed to split Poland.
- The invasion ended in four weeks.
- Poles, especially Jews and intelligentsia, were sent to camps.
- Germans aimed to wipe out Polish identity.
- Polish cavalry was no match for German tanks.
What were the results of the blitzkrieg?
- nazi confidence boost
- polish Jews face the same fate as german Jews
- Jews are left in one corner of Poland
Events of the invasion of the ussr
1941
* Germany invaded the USSR (Operation Barbarossa) in a surprise attack.
* 3.5 million German troops involved; Red Army unprepared.
* 2 million Soviets captured; civilians massacred.
* War driven by Nazi ideology and racism.
* Aimed to destroy communism and eliminate Jews.
* Broke peace pact; 27 million Soviets killed.
* Start of systematic Jewish extermination.
What was operation Barbarossa?
1941
- code name given to the invasion of the Soviet Union
- led to massive casualties suffered by the german army
The events of the final solution
-June 1941- einsatzgruppen killing squads
- October 1942- mass deportation of Jews east
- December 1941- mass gassing of Jews at Chelmno begins
- January 1942- Wannsee conference and the final solution
- march to nov 1943 operation Reinhard (Belzec, Sobibór, Treblinka)
-may 1942- oct 1944: auschwitz
- may 1944- aug: Hungarian Jews deported to auschwitz
- nov 1944- himmler order an end to mass killing
What happened with the mass deportation of Jews east?
October 1941
-lots of Jews were hidden to refuse deportation
-55,000 Jews were deported from berlin more than anywhere else
Events of mass gassing of Jews at Chelmno
- 18 December 1942 himmler met with Hitler
- himmler wrote something that directly linked to killing
- evacuation was code of elimination, lied to protect their reputation
What was operation Reinhard?
March to November 1943
- concentration camps were opened (belzec, Sobibór, treblinka)
- Jews were being eliminated, plans to move to other countries
- most sent to Treblinka were killed within three hours 900k deaths in one summer
- tried to eliminate evidence of camps later on
What happened at Auschwitz?
May 1942- October 1944
- 1.1 million killed
Who were the white rose?
- lasted from 1941 to 1943
- their objective was to strive for the renewal of the mortally wounded german spirit
- secretly distributed leaflets
- inspired by sermons of bishop galen
- were arrested and their leaders were executed
