1
Q
the liver is split into the left and right lobe by _____ which is a remnant of ______
A
the liver is split into the left and right lobe by falciform ligament which is a remnant of ventral mesentery
2
Q
how is a liver biopsy taken?
A
- patient asked to hold breath in full expiration to prevent damage to pleura/lung
- needle inserted through the 9th/10th right ICS in the midaxillary line
3
Q
describe the caudate vs quadrate lobe
A
- caudate lobe of the liver contains the IVC
- quadrate lobe of the liber contains the gall bladder and the porta hepatis
4
Q
describe the falciform lig. and ligamentus teres hepatis
A
- falciform: liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall
- posterior free margin is the ligamentum teres which is the obliterated umbilical vein
5
Q
A
6
Q
describe the bare are
A
bare area: triangular are devoid of peritoneal covering, relating to the diaphragm
7
Q
A
8
Q
describe the biliary apparatus
A
- R and L hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct; joined by the cystic duct to form the common bile duct
9
Q
A
10
Q
describe biliary colic
A
- usually caused by spasm of the smooth muscle of the gall bladder in an attempt to expel the gall stones
11
Q
describe acute cholecystitis
A
- initial pain in the right upper quadrant -> may eventually cause subdiaphragmatic parietal peritoneum, which is supplisd by the phrenic nerve (referred pain would be in the right shoulder)
12
Q
A
- A: left hepatic duct
- B: right hepatic duct
- C: common hepatic duct
- D: cystic duct
- E: common bile duct
- F: major pancreatic duct
- G: ampulla of Vater
13
Q
describe the triangle of Calot
A
the triangle of Calot contains the cystic artery
- Liver
- lateral: cystic duct
- medial: common hepatic duct
14
Q
describe the portal vein
A
- collects venous blood with products of digestion from the abdominal part of GIT
- passes through the lesser omentum, enters the liver through porta hepatis and divides into r. and l. segmental branches
15
Q
describe the gastric-esophageal porto-caval anastomoses
A
- esophageal tributaries of the left gastric vein and esophageal tributaries of azygos and hemiazygos veins
- esophageal varices -> hemetemesis
16
Q
describe the anal canal port-caval anastomoses
A
- superior rectal vein (which drains into the inf. mesenteric vein) + inferior and middle rectal veins (-> internal iliac vein)
- varicosity leads to hemorrhoids
17
Q
describe the umbilical porto-caval anastomoses
A
- veins along the ligamentum teres - para-umbilical veins; tributaries of the sup. and inf. epigastric veins
- caput medussae - dilated tortuous veins radiating from the umbilicus
