CLIN PATH > GIT Block Exam > Flashcards

GIT Block Exam Flashcards

(50 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

The highest concentration of this enzyme is seen in the central veins of the liver.

  • All of the above
  • Aldolase
  • Lactate Dehydrogenase
  • Phosphohexose isomerase
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
A

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NEGATIVE result for HBsAg may occur in the following:

  • vaccination
  • core window period
  • All of the above
  • no infection
A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cholestasis is characterized by the following:

  • Elevated alanine transaminase (ALT)
  • Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
  • All of the above
  • Hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubinuria
  • High serum bile salts
  • Hypercholesterolemia
A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

De Ritis ratio of > 1.0 but <2.0 may be seen in the following:

  • All of the above
  • alcoholic liver disease
  • myocardial infarction
  • cirrhosis & non viral hepatitis
  • acute viral hepatitis
A

acute viral hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The following enzyme helps distinguish between elevated liver and bone isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase.

  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
  • Cholinesterase
  • 5-nucleotidase
  • All of the above
  • Aldolase
A

5-nucleotidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A 19 y.o. female was referred to your clinic by the police station, either for the confirmation or denial of an alleged rape. Microscopically, the vaginal discharge was negative for sperm cells. Which of the following could assist in your diagnosis?

  • Acid phosphatase
  • Leucine aminopeptidase
  • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
  • All of the above
  • Alkaline phosphatase
A

Acid phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infection with this virus increases risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas:

A

HBV & HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following is involved in protecting red cells from undergoing hemolysis on exposure to oxidants?

  • NADPH, Glutathione, G6PD
  • G6PD
  • Glutathione
  • None of the above
A

NADPH, Glutathione, G6PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trace the fate of heme degradation after the release of hemoglobin from a senescent Red cell.

1) conjugation of bilirubin
2) conversion into stercobilin & urobilin
3) production of urobilinogen
4) heme iron is stored with ferritin
5) production of free bilirubin
6) remnants of heme converted to Biliverdin.

  • 4-6-2-5-1-3
  • 4-6-5-1-3-2
  • 3-4-6-2-5-1
  • 1-3-2-4-6-5
  • 1-2-3-4-5-6
A

4-6-5-1-3-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The synthetic function of the liver can be monitored by measuring the levels of the following EXCEPT:

  • Platelet Count
  • All of the above
  • Albumin
  • Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
  • Prothrombin time (PT)
A

Platelet Count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal Values: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in female

A

0 - 45 U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal Values: acid phosphatase

A

0 to 0.8 U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal Values: G6PD

A

UI/RBC=220 – 550

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal Values: ALT

A

6-37 U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normal Values: cholinesterase

A

4.7-11.8 U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristic Gross Features of Condition: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

  • none of the above
  • Infarct of Zahn
  • granuloma with caseating necrosis
  • ”Nutmeg Liver”
  • hyperplastic area with central, stellate fibrous scar
A

hyperplastic area with central, stellate fibrous scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristic Gross Features of Condition: passive congestion of the liver

A

”Nutmeg Liver”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Portal Hypertension Effects on Lungs: Portopulmonary Hypertension

A

dyspnea on exertion with clubbing of fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristic Gross Features of Condition: Intrahepatic thrombosis of portal vein radicle

A

Infarct of Zahn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Portal Hypertension Effects on Lungs: Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

A

Platypnea & orthodeoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the characteristic liver disease induced by these toxins: Isoniazid

  • Steatosis
  • Reye syndrome
  • induces an autoimmune-like hepatitis
  • mimics chronic viral hepatitis
  • None of the above
Study These Flashcards
A

mimics chronic viral hepatitis

22
Q

Describe the characteristic liver disease induced by these toxins: minocyclin

  • None of the above
  • Steatosis
  • Reye syndrome
  • mimics chronic viral hepatitis
  • induces an autoimmune-like hepatitis
Study These Flashcards
A

induces an autoimmune-like hepatitis

23
Q

Describe the characteristic liver disease induced by these toxins: aspirin

Study These Flashcards
A

Reye syndrome

24
Q

State how the following Alcohols are metabolized by the liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Isopropyl alcohol

25
State how the following Alcohols are metabolized by the liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Ethylene glycol
gycol-aldehyde, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid
26
State how the following Alcohols are metabolized by the liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Methanol
formaldehyde and formic acid
27
Give the Pathogenesis of the Electrolyte Depletion in Alcoholism: hyponatremia * increased cellular uptake * none of the above * phosphorus deficiency * leaky membranes; from extracellular to intracellular * massive intake of solute-free fluid
massive intake of solute-free fluid
28
Give the Pathogenesis of the Electrolyte Depletion in Alcoholism: hypokalemia
leaky membranes; from extracellular to intracellular
29
Give the Pathogenesis of the Electrolyte Depletion in Alcoholism: hypomagnesemia
phosphorus deficiency
30
Distinguish the different cholestatic liver diseases as to their Morphology: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
chronic inflammation of largest ducts; onion skinning of smaller ducts
31
Distinguish the different cholestatic liver diseases as to their Morphology: Neonatal Cholestasis
extrahepatic biliary atresia with idiopathic Hepatitis
32
Distinguish the different cholestatic liver diseases as to their Morphology: Cholestasis of Sepsis
prominent Kupffer cells; canals of Hering with prominent bile plugs
33
Classify the CIRCULATORY DISORDERS of the Liver according to their causes: Cirrhosis * Hepatic Vein Outflow Obstruction * All of the above * Impaired Blood Flow into the Liver * Impaired Blood Flow Through the Liver
Impaired Blood Flow Through the Liver
34
Classify the CIRCULATORY DISORDERS of the Liver according to their causes: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (Budd-Chiari Syndrome)
Hepatic Vein Outflow Obstruction
35
Classify the CIRCULATORY DISORDERS of the Liver according to their causes: Subclinical thrombosis of the portal vein (Banti syndrome)
Impaired Blood Flow into the Liver
36
Classify the CIRCULATORY DISORDERS of the Liver according to their causes: sickle cell disease
Impaired Blood Flow Through the Liver
37
Describe the Biliary Tumors according to their Clinical Manifestation: cause symptoms only when much of the liver is replaced by tumor.
Intrahepatic biliary tumors
38
Describe the Biliary Tumors according to their Clinical Manifestation: jaundice, acholic stools, nausea and vomiting, and weight loss.
• Extrahepatic biliary tumor
39
Describe the morphologic appearance of the different stages of Cholecystitis: Acute Cholecystitis
gallbladder enlarged, tense, bright red or blotchy, covered by fibrinous exudate.
40
Describe the morphologic appearance of the different stages of Cholecystitis: Chronic Cholecystitis
contracted or enlarged; thickened from fibrosis
41
Describe the morphologic appearance of the different stages of Cholecystitis: Gangrenous Cholecystitis
edematous, and hyperemic to green-black necrotic organ
42
This is a characteristic of Chronic Hepatitis: * widespread scarring * muddy-red, mushy appearance * wrinkled, baggy capsule * slightly mottled * None of the above
widespread scarring
43
Salient features of Autoimmune Hepatitis EXCEPT: * Female predominance (70%) * presence of other autoimmune diseases * No serologic evidence of viral infection * Elevated serum IgM * All of the above
Elevated serum IgM
44
Excessive iron is directly toxic to tissues by the following mechanisms EXCEPT: None of the above • Acts as xenobiotics and triggers for the immune response • all the above • Stimulation of collagen formation • Direct irreversible oxidative damage of iron to DNA • Lipid peroxidation by iron-catalyzed free radical reactions
Acts as xenobiotics and triggers for the immune response
45
Copper cause toxic injury to different organs by these mechanisms EXCEPT: * binding to sulfhydryl groups of cellular proteins, * displacing other metals in hepatic metalloenzymes. * promoting the formation of free radicals, * apoceruloplasmin conversion to ceruloplasmin is inhibited * All of the above
apoceruloplasmin conversion to ceruloplasmin is inhibited
46
Differentiate pre-hepatic & post-hepatic jaundice: Pre-hepatic Jaundice (Elevated serum Bilirubin) * Indirect & Total Bilirubin * Direct Bilirubin only * All Bilirubins * Indirect Bilirubin only * none of the above * Direct & Total Bilirubin
Indirect Bilirubin only
47
Differentiate pre-hepatic & post-hepatic jaundice: Post-hepatic Jaundice (Elevated serum Bilirubin)
Direct Bilirubin only
48
Differentiate pre-hepatic & post-hepatic jaundice: Urine Bilirubin (Pre-hepatic Jaundice)
negative
49
Differentiate pre-hepatic & post-hepatic jaundice: Stool (Pre-hepatic Jaundice)
darkly colored
50
Differentiate pre-hepatic & post-hepatic jaundice: Risk of Kernicterus: (Pre-hepatic Jaundice)
increased risk
CLIN PATH
flashcards
Decks in class (19)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions