CLIN PATH > Part 2 Block > Flashcards

Part 2 Block Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Exists only as inorganic phosphate kr as organic phosphate ester.

A

Phosphate

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2
Q

Functions of Phosphate

A
  • Transfer of energy during metabolism (ATP)
  • Maintenance of pH of body fluids (P buffers)
  • Constituents of bones
  • Membrane structure (phospholipids)
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3
Q

4th most abundant cation

A

Mg

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4
Q

Normal Value of Mg

A

1.3 -2.1 mEq/L or 0.65- 1.05 mmol/L

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5
Q

Hormones regulates the level of Ca and phosphate

A

PTH, GH

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6
Q

Effect if there is a massive intake of solutes free fluid beer

A

Hyponatremia

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7
Q

Increase the reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney

A

GH

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8
Q

Stimulates the kidney to excretr phosphate while conserving Ca

A

PTH

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9
Q

Which of the following is TRUE in assay notes of Phosphates?

  • patient must be in the fasting state, if not, inorganic P will increase
  • Hemolyzed samples are avoided
  • RBC are riched in phosphate
  • Commercial heparin preparation is increased
  • levels of P have diurnal variation
  • higher values are obtained in the AM
  • usually Pt with hypercalcemia have hypophosphate
A

ALL

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10
Q

Proteins involved in the transport of Fe

A

Haptoglobin

Hemopexin

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11
Q

Form of Fe found in oxyHb and reduced Hb

A

Fe2+

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12
Q

Form of Fe found in ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin and metHb

A

Fe3+

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13
Q

Normal range of Cu in normal adult body

A

80-120mg

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14
Q

Average daily intake of Cu

A

2.5mg

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15
Q

Factors increase Serum Fe except?

  • Increase RBC destruction
  • Ineffective/ decrease erythrocyte formation
  • Block in heme synthesis
  • Increase release of storage Fe
  • Increase intake/impaired control of Fe absorption
  • None
A

None

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

TIBC INCREASE = PLASMA TRANSFERRIN INCREASE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Contains Vit B12

A

Cobalt

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18
Q

Help form the active sites of certain enzymes (xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, etc)

A

Molybdenum

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19
Q

Decreased when synthesis of transferrin is low

A

TIBC (TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY)

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20
Q

Essential trace element that is important as an activator of enzymes

A

Zinc

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21
Q

Component of TH thyroxine (T4) & T3 and regulatws the basal metabolic rate and for proper growth and development

A

Iodine

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22
Q

Important for wound healing

A

Zinc

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23
Q

Stabilizes the nucleic acid structure allowing synthesis of proteins

A

Nickel

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24
Q

Essential component of the glucose tolerance factor which helps maintain the normal insulin response to a glucose load

A

Chromium

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25
Sensory receptors esp for taste and smell
Zinc
26
Screening test for detecting Fe deficiency anemia and for monitorung the course of therapy
Zinc Protopophyrin/Heme Ration (ZP/H)
27
Toxicity occurs after inhalation of this dust
Manganese
28
Result in basal ganglia damage and produce both physiological and neurological effects.
Mn
29
Factors affecting low Serum Fe * Decrease intakd of Fe * Accelerated loss of Fe * Impaired release of stored Fe from reticuloendothelial cells * All
All
30
Component of the enzyme gluthione peroxidase
Selenium
31
Hb is estimated to be ____ of the value of Ht
1/3
32
In using CuSo4 Method for Hb estimation of Blood Donors, which of thr ff donors can be allowed to donate blood?
Blood sinks immediately
33
This type of method os smeating is the best for screening Malarial parasites in blood
Thick smear
34
Protects tissues from the damaging effects of peroxidases and other oxidants by decomposing them.
Selenium
35
What are the reasons/conditions whdn a physivial should be requesting for a review on the pheripheral blood smear of his Pt? * To examine the morphology of the blood cells * To classify for type of immature cells, if present * To confirm the values in the CBC results * All
All
36
Blood extraction was done on a female patient. Using the micro tube method, the height of the red cell column was 32mm while the whole blood column is 80mm. Interpret the Ht.
Normal Ht = RBC column / whole blood column × 100 32/80 ×100= 40% Normal=
37
A parameter ued to define the affinity of Hb with O2
P50
38
P50 value
40mmHg
39
Affects the affinity of Hb with O2
Allosteric effectors
40
The curve in this shape has lower O2 tension and the affinity of O2 and Hb is low
Sigmoid shape
41
Shift to ___ where high pH, low DPG, low temp. What effect is this?
Shift to the left. | Haldane effect
42
Low affinity O2 and are stabilized by many salt linkage/ionic bonds
T or taut structure (deoxyHb)
43
In the lungs how much is O2 partial pressure?
100mmHg
44
High Co2, high temp, high DPG, low pH
Bohr Effect
45
High affinity for O2 and the salt linkages are broken allowing interaction witj Oxygen mol
R or relaxed structure (oxyHb)
46
Favored in the lungs and O2 tension is high and allows uptake of O2 by the Hb mol
Relaxed form
47
Allosteric Effectors includes
* 2,3 DPG * pH * Co2
48
Major product of the Luebering-Rapoport Shunt and most important in the peripheral tissues where O2 is needed.
2,3DPG
49
Major buffer system in the body and that can be regulated by lungs
Bicarbonate Buffer
50
After the lungs in the buffer system, the___ maintain body pH
Kidneys
51
The slowest buffer system
Bicarbonate system
52
The slowest buffer system bu can co.pletely conpensate for acid-bass imbalance
Bicarbonate system
53
pKa of HCO3 buffer
6.1
54
Acid-base balance is co trolled by chemical buffers primarily HCO3 and the what organ regulator/s.
Lungs & Kidney
55
Calculate the pH pCO2: 44mmHg Total Co2- 29mmol/L Cosntant-coeeficient of CO2 gas- 0.03mmol/L / mmHg
Dissolved CO2 conc. 44mmHg × 0.03mmol/L / mmHg = 1.32mmol/L pCO2 HCO3 conc =total CO2 - Co2 conc = 29mmol/L - 32mmol/L = 27.68mmol/L ``` pH=? = 6.1 + log (HCO3/H2CO3) = 6.1 + log (HCO3 / pCO3) = 601 + log (27.68mmol/L / 1.32 mmol/L) = 7.42 log=0.87 ```
56
Cause of High Aterial Gas
* Lactic Acidosis * Ketoacidosis * Renal failure * Ingestions * Infusions * Pyroglutamic acidemia * Massice rhabdomyolysis
57
Normal ratio of Handerson-Hasselbach equation fkr H+ Homeostasis
20:1
58
HCO3 is primarily defective, the condition is classified as
Metabolic
59
Level of carbonic acid is primarily defective , the condition is classified as
Respiratory
60
Causes of non-AG metabolic acidosis * acid load * chronic renal failure * carbonic anhydrase inhibitors * renal tubular acidosis * ureteroenterostomy * expansion/extra-dimentation * diarrhea
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