international organisations
international organisations accelerate globalisations by promoting free trade policies between countries and ensuring yhat trade and investment runs smoothly
international monetary fund-takes loans off rich countries to help other member countries to maintain financial stability
world bank-borrows money from doner countries to give borrower countries to reduce poverty , increase prosperity and promote development
world trade organisations-monitors trade between nations by ensuring it all runs smoothly
these organisations promote FDI such as foreign mergers , foreign agulisations,offshoring and transfer pricing to ensure that they are beneficial
trade blocs
a trade bloc is a voluntary international organisations which exits for trading purposes by promoting free trade and eliminating tariffs by creating trading policies between nations
3 main trade blocs
European unions-28 members countries,established in 1993,allows flows of people
north American FTA-3 members (usa,canada,mexico),established in 1994,dosnt allow movement of people, allows usa to offshore to Mexico
association of south east asian nations-109 members states, they use free trade to favour cultural and social development
government policies
many governments change their policies and attitudes in order to favour foreign investment eg.reduce minimum wage, reduce tariff polices ,create special economic zones
china-1978 open door policy, workshop of the world
inda-1991 financial reform encouraged foreign investment by abolishing industrial licencing, foreign retailers can only gain presences on high street if they partnered with an Indian business
indonesia-in 1960s ,president turned back on communism to open up indonesias market,WB provided loans,sweatshops attracts offshoring
deindustrialisation
deindustrialisation was caused by the global shift which created competition in the market where industry is cheaper in other countries eg china
detroit-higher unemployment,crime,depopulation,derliction
v/c over half jobs lost in manufacturing in the west midlands ,coal industry moved from NT England to other countries as its cheaper,more poverty
megacity growth
karachi japan-population=24 million,migration from india,provides high quality jobs in technopoles giving media and software jobs
karachi is a global hub
mumbai-population has doubled in 50 years,mass migration from India cities eg.Bihar due to many low qualifications jobs available eg.starbucks,Hilton and other local businesses
impact on mega cities-pollution from industry and exhaust ,provision of adequate housing, healthcare and education
cultural diffusion
diet in asia- a traditional asian diet mainly veg and little meat,its now changed to more fast food,in 2015 china became the worlds biggest market for processed food. This impacts the environment as livestock farming rises and crops to feed them are imported
Paralympics-there has been a huge shift in cultural attitudes towards disability;the Paralympics allow disabled people to have role models and feel seen
pessimistic hyperglobalisers
omo valley
hyper globalisation-westernised global culture is emerging as a result of cultural erosion
cultural imperialism-promoting culture from one nation to another by the dominance of one culture over a less powerful one.
omo valley people-were forced to move to new village to make space for a dm and they were turned into beggars
economic and environmental inequalities
china
chinas economy is based on exporting low value products by offering cheap labour costs
theres lots of inequality as rural areas mainly provide cheap primary industries which make little income while urban areas provide secondary industries which make more money
chinas economy causes a terrible environment-being in chinas air for just one hour reduces life expectancy by 20minutes
migration controls uk
british expats
poland to europe migration
-in the uk ,migration caused more population growth than natural increase causinglondon to be the most ethnically diverse region in the uk
-nmost migration to the uk is from poland
-polish immigrants usually took lower paying jobs so most locals welcomed them
-64% of children in the uk have parents born outside of the uk
-nationalists parties such as a golden down an the league oppose uncontrolled migration and embrace facism.This causes tensions between cultures in the uk
legislating against global flows
china-in tianamensquaree an unarmed protest was shut down using violence from the army causing many deaths.
Much information about this event censored and withdrawn.The great firewall of china prevents residence from using facebook,twitter,youtube
resource nationalism
-first nations in canada 6 groups and their occupation of the land long predates the arrival of the europeans
-these people oppose to global oil companies using their land
-this is because it destroys their tundra forest and causes the death of trout due to pollution
-the oil workers use alcohol and drugs which effects the behaviour of the young indigenous
local sourcing-cornwall
transition towns-totnes,bristol
-a transition movement is when local groups /NGOs promote local sources of goods to be sustainble
-the worlds first transition town was totnes in devon
-this is good because it promotes local businesses and less carbon emissions
-this is bad as products are more expensive so it doesn’t benefit the working class and there is less investment in LEDCs eg.china
switched off place
the gambia
gambia is a detached region.This is due to many contributing factors.
Physically-lack of natural resources,physcially isolated
economic-low skilled/educated workforce
environmental-areas are prone to drought
switched off place
north korea
north korea i a detached region.
This is due to its politics,nk has been ruled
the global shift:emerging asia
india
the global shift has lead to india becoming the all centre capital of the world.
positives-workers get a middle class wage and outsourcing companies get lots of profits
negatives-many workers are exploited and work can become very repetitive and boring
environmental problems from the global shift
china
india
ivory coast
China-environment-pollution levels 6x higher than wto guidelines,exposure to mass lead contamination, impact on people=over 100 children poisned by magnese factory,60-70% of children living near to a lead factory have unsafe levels in their blood
Indonesia-environment-has lost 800,00 hectares of forestry,worlds 3rds biggest producer of GHG-85% of this is from deforestation
People=lack of access to resources
Ivory coast-environment-refined oil in landfills across country, sulphide gas in air due to dumping waste being cheaper on ivory coast
