12C Geography > GLOBALISATION EQ1 > Flashcards

GLOBALISATION EQ1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What process increases interconnectivity and interdependence of people and places?

A

Globalisation

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2
Q

Which intergovernmental organisation stabilises the global financial system by offering emergency loans and promoting free-market reforms?

A

IMF

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3
Q

Which form of globalisation includes trade, FDI and capital flows?

A

Economic

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4
Q

Which form of globalisation includes migration and tourism?

A

Social

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5
Q

Which form of globalisation includes treaties and IGOs?

A

Political

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6
Q

Which form of globalisation includes media, fashion and food?

A

Cultural

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7
Q

What term describes daily global currency trade worth ~$7.5 trillion?

A

Capital flow

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8
Q

Which flow involves online communication and data?

A

Information

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9
Q

Which flow includes raw materials and manufactured goods?

A

Commodities

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10
Q

What flow includes migration and tourism?

A

People

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11
Q

What is money sent home by migrants called?

A

Remittances

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12
Q

What was global remittances value in 2024?

A

$905bn

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13
Q

What concept describes reduced relative distance due to tech improvements?

A

Time-space compression

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14
Q

What is the effect of time–space compression?

A

Shrinking world

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15
Q

Government policies which promote economic growth by opening trade to international markets are known as what?

A

Free market liberalisation

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16
Q

Where are the most globalised countries located?

A

Europe

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17
Q

Where are the least globalised countries located?

A

Sub-saharan Africa

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18
Q

Which 19th-century transport invention accelerated inland connectivity?

A

Railways

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19
Q

Which 19th-century communication invention allowed near-instant messaging?

A

Telegraph

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20
Q

Which 19th-century innovation increased speed of ocean transport?

A

Steamships

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21
Q

Which 20th-century invention enabled mass air travel?

A

Jet aircraft

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22
Q

Which 20th-century shipping innovation underpins global supply chains?

A

Containerisation

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23
Q

What % of non-bulk goods move in containers today?

A

90%

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24
Q

What 21st-century device spread connectivity even in poorer regions?

A

Mobile phones

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25
What did Tim Berners-Lee create in 1990?
The World Wide Web
26
Which platform reached 3bn users by 2024?
Facebook
27
What financial innovation allows mobile money transfers in Kenya?
M-Pesa
28
What carries 95% of global data across oceans?
Fibre-optic cables
29
Which organisation promotes free trade between countries by removing protectionist policies?
WTO
30
An individual, group or organisation that makes a decision is known as…?
Player
31
Which organisation funds long-term development projects?
World Bank
32
Where are IMF and WB headquartered?
Washington DC
33
What must countries accept to receive IMF loans?
Structural adjustment/austerity
34
Which country’s WTO accession in 2001 transformed global trade?
China
35
What type of policy protects domestic industries?
Protectionism
36
What is a tax on imports called?
Tariff
37
What is a limit on import quantity called?
Quota
38
What is a ban on certain imports called?
Embargo
39
What is a group of countries with free internal trade called?
Trade bloc
40
Which bloc includes 21 Pacific Rim states?
APEC
41
Which bloc has ~450m consumers?
EU
42
Which US–Mexico–Canada bloc replaced NAFTA?
USMCA
43
What ideology promotes free markets and deregulation?
Neoliberalism
44
Which UK financial reform removed red tape in 1986?
Big Bang
45
Which UK area became a major global financial hub?
Canary Wharf
46
What is FDI?
Foreign Direct Investment
47
Which UK policy involves selling state (government owned) assets?
Privatisation
48
Which country introduced Open Door reforms in 1978?
China
49
What are China’s deregulated business zones called?
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
50
What system restricts rural–urban migration in China?
Hukou
51
Which city is known as 'iPhone City'?
Zhengzhou
52
Which index measures economic, social and political globalisation of countries?
KOF Index
53
Which index measures political, tech and economic connectivity of cities?
AT Kearney
54
Which country ranked most globalised in 2024?
Netherlands
55
Which African region has low connectivity due to landlocked states?
Sahel
56
What term describes countries with weak global connections?
Detached places
57
Which country is politically isolated?
North Korea
58
Which factor limits trade for landlocked countries?
Physical isolation
59
Which factor involves weak governance and conflict?
Political instability
60
What type of corporation operates in multiple countries?
Transnational Corporation (TNC)
61
Which strategy involves contracting processes to other firms?
Outsourcing
62
Which strategy relocates production overseas?
Offshoring
63
Any individual, group or organisation affected by a decision is known as a…?
Stakeholder
64
What process adapts products to local cultures?
Glocalisation
65
Which TNC uses SEZs and Foxconn for production?
Apple
66
Which entertainment TNC glocalises characters and films?
Disney
67
Which two fast-fashion TNCs challenge Amazon globally?
Shein/Temu
68
What network links suppliers and manufacturers globally?
Global production network (GPN)
69
What form of integration buys firms at same production stage?
Horizontal integration
70
What form of integration controls multiple production stages?
Vertical integration
71
What motivates TNCs to expand into emerging markets?
Market growth and increased profits
72
What is a sum of money granted by the government to help an industry or business keep the price of goods low?
Subsidy
73
What are the advantages of trade-blocs?
Larger markets, encourages FDI, lower prices and political stability
74
What are the disadvantages of trade-blocs?
Loss of sovereignty, uneven benefits, exclusion of outsiders, cultural tensions
12C Geography
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