Which is a high starch low moisture potato and the cooking method best suited for this potato?
Russet (Idaho) potato. Best cooking methods: baking, frying, and mashing.
Which potato is low starch and high moisture and the cooking methods best suited for this potato?
Waxy potatoes such as red potatoes or new potatoes. Best for boiling, roasting, potato salad, soups, and stews.
What is the difference between a sweet potato and a yam?
Sweet potatoes have smooth skin and orange flesh and are sweeter. Yams have rough bark-like skin, white or purple flesh, and are starchier.
A grain that has been scrubbed of its bran.
Pearl grain.
Whole kernels that have been cut into very large pieces.
Cracked grain.
Grains that have only the husk or hull removed.
Whole grains.
The second layer of a grain which contains dietary fiber.
Bran.
The part of the grain that contains most of the oils, vitamins, and minerals.
Germ.
The largest part of the grain made up mostly of carbohydrates or starch.
Endosperm.
Grains that have been prepared to use as food.
Processed grains.
Processed grain that has been ground into fine particles.
Meal.
Highly processed grain that has many layers stripped away.
Refined grain.
The process of cutting, crushing, rolling, or grinding a grain.
Milling.
What are the top three grains that are used in the U.S.?
Wheat, corn, and rice.
What grain can be eaten fresh or dried?
Corn.
Name three other grains besides rice and wheat.
Oats, barley, and buckwheat.
What are the characteristics of long grain rice when it is cooked?
Firm, fluffy, and grains remain separate.
What are the characteristics of short grain rice when it is cooked?
Sticky, tender, and contains more starch.
What is the difference in cooking methods for rice pilaf and risotto? Which type of rice is used for risotto?
Pilaf: grains sautéed in fat first, then liquid added all at once and simmered. Risotto: uses Arborio rice and hot liquid is added gradually while stirring constantly.
What is the difference between brown and white rice?
Brown rice is a whole grain with only the hull removed. White rice has the bran removed and is polished.
When cooking rice, how can you tell when it is done?
All water is gone, steam holes appear, and the rice is not crunchy.
What are the steps for cooking rice? (include salt, temp control, lid)
Bring liquid to a boil
Add salt and seasonings
Add grain all at once
Reduce heat
Cover with lid and simmer
Cook until tender
Fluff with a fork
What is the difference between old fashioned oats and quick cooking oats?
Old fashioned oats are rolled and take longer to cook and work better for cookies. Quick cooking oats are cut smaller and rolled thinner so they cook faster and have a mushier texture.
Name three other grains besides rice and wheat that are used in the United States frequently.
Oats, barley, and buckwheat.
