What does prescriptivism focus on?
rules and ideas of correctness of language
What does descriptivism focus on?
How language is actually used
What to study in grammar
-morphology (word formation)
-Syntax order (cause/sentence structure)
- how pov can be grammatically realised up diff ways through active/passive voice
-how grammar of speech isn’t same as writing
-function of sentences (question, demand etc)
What is morphology?
How words are formed
Morpheme
-smallest unit of meaning in lang
-cant be devised without losing meaning
-cat - 1 morpheme
Cats - 2 morphemes
Bound morpheme
-morpheme that cant stand alone, must be attached to another word
-(UN) happy
-Cat (S)
-Walk(ED)
What is a root word?
A word on its own
What is a suffix?
morpheme that comes at the end of a root word
What is a prefix?
morpheme that comes at the start of a root word
What is an affix?
An overall word for an addition to a root word
What is a noun phrase?
A group of words built around a noun
(if u can take all words out and just have the noun and it still make sense then its a noun phrase)
What is a verb phrase? *
A group of words built around a verb
What is a headword?
The main (noun) in a phrase
What is a pre-modifier? *
A word before the head (noun) to add detail
What is a qualifier?
an additional word/phrase that adds further detail to the (noun)
What is a post-modifier?
A word after the head noun to add detail
What is an auxiliary verb?
A verb that expresses changes in tense
What is a modal verb? *
Shows possibility, necessity, certainty, and obligation.
What is a clause?
A group of words containing a subject and a verb that have a relationship
What is the subject in a clause?
The thing that does the verb
What is the object in a clause?
The thing that is acted on by the verb
What is a simple sentence?
A sentence that contains 1 clause
(one action)
What is a compound sentence?
A sentence that contains at least 2 clauses joined by a conjunction
(or by a comma, or semicolon)
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence that contains a subordinating conjunction that connects a main clause to a subordinating clause
(one half cannot be a sentence by itself)
