What are Pragmatics?
How Context Influences Meaning
What to study in pragmatics
explore implied meanings of words
-face, politness and cooperation in language interaction
-influence of context on meanings of language
—how lang used to reflect relationships between people
What is a Schema?
Web of info built up from our experience
What are Grice’s conversational maxims?
1- Quality
2-Quantity
3-Relevance
4-Manner
What is the maxim of quality?
Speak the truth
What is the maxim of quantity?
Dont say too much or too little
What is the maxim of manner?
Be clear and avoid ambiguity
What is the maxim of relevance?
Information provided should be relevant
What happens if Grice’s rules are broken?
Implicature
What is implicature?
The hidden, implied meaning that has to be inferred
What is deixis?
Words whose meanings depend on context
who talking, who they’re talking to, and where they are
(indicate time and place)
What is person deixis?
Names and pronouns
What is spatial deixis?
Locations
(there, here)
What is temporal deixis?
Time phrase
(now, yesterday)
What is proximal deixis?
Indicates anything close to the speaker in space or time
(here, this)
What is distal deixis?
Indicates anything distant from the speaker in space or time
(that, there)
When and by who was face theory discovered?
Goffman 1955
What is the Face in face theory?
Your public self-image
What is a positive face?
A persons desire to be liked and appreciated
What is a negative face?
A persons desire to be independent and not imposed upon
What is a face-threatening act?
An act that threatens someone’s positive or negative face
What is positive politeness?
A speaker’s goal is to address the hearer’s positive face by making them feel appreciated and valued
What is negative politeness?
A speaker who aims to access hearers’ negative face by using indirect language
Cooperative principles
In convo, how interactions thought to be based on various kinds of cooperative behaviour between speakers
