Growth & Development

Question 1

What is size at birth determined by?

Answer 1

Size of the mother and placental nutritional supply. Largely independent of height of father

Question 2

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 2

Weight in kg/ Height in m

Question 3

At what age does breast development in females begin?

Answer 3

8.5 years to 12.5 years. Usually the first sign of puberty

Question 4

When does menarche usually occur?

Answer 4

2.5 years after the start of puberty

Question 5

In males what is usually the first sign of puberty?

Answer 5

Testicular enlargement >4ml using a orchidometer

Question 6

What is Russel Silver syndrome?

Answer 6

Genetic abnormality resulting in reduced growth, triangular face , large head size in relation to body

Question 7

How is growth hormone secreted?

Answer 7

By the anterior pituitary

Question 8

When do you have peaks of growth hormone?

Answer 8

Sleep and exercise

Question 9

When are the highest and lowest levels of cortisol?

Answer 9

Highest in the morning helping you to wake up and lowest in evening helping to relax

Question 10

What percentage of head growth is achieved before 5 years?

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

Name 3 features of sotos syndrome

Answer 11

Excess growth during childhood, distinct facial features and learning disabilities

Question 12

Define the cutoffs between macro and microcephaly

Answer 12

Macrcephaly- head circumference greater than 98 centile and microcephaly is below 2nd centile

Question 13

When do the posterior and anterior fontanelles close?

Answer 13

Posterior - closes by 8 weeks, Anterior - closes by 12-18 months

Question 14

What are the cutoff ages for delayed puberty in boys and girls?

Answer 14

Girls 14, Boys 15

Question 15

When do most girls have their growth spurt?

Answer 15

The year preceding menstruation

Question 16

When do most girls stop having bone growth?

Answer 16

18-24 months after the onset of menses

Question 17

What is Kallman syndrome ?

Answer 17

Lack of GNRH resulting in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, puberty is delayed or fails to start at all and there is typically anosmia

Question 18

What is the triad of Mccune Albright syndrome?

Answer 18

Abnormal growth, cafe au lait spots, precocious puberty

Question 19

What is considered delayed puberty in girls?

Answer 19

No thelarche (breast bud development) at age 13

Question 20

What is the BMI cut-off for overweight and obesity?

Answer 20

> 91 overweight, >98 obese