Respiratory

Question 1

Name three pathogens that commonly cause coryza

Answer 1

Rhinovirus, RSV, coronavirus

Question 2

Name two pathogens causing tonsillitis

Answer 2

Epstein Barr virus and B haemolytic streptoccus

Question 3

Which drug do you avoid in tonsillitis?

Answer 3

Amoxicilin because if tonsillitis is caused by epstein barr virus it can cause widespread maculopapular rash

Question 4

What can group A streptoccola infection cause apart from tonsillitis?

Answer 4

Scarlet fever which can cause complications such as glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever

Question 5

Name two viral pathogens and 3 bacterial pathogens causing acute otitis media

Answer 5

Virus- RSV and rhinovirus, Bacteria- penumococcus, moraxella, haemophilus influenzae

Question 6

What is the most common cause of croup?

Answer 6

Parainfluenza

Question 7

What is the full form for penicillin V?

Answer 7

phenoxymethylpenicillin

Question 8

What organism causes epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Haemophilus influenzae - HiB

Question 9

Which organism commonly causes bronchiolitis?

Answer 9

RSV

Question 10

What is the preferred test for asthma?

Answer 10

FeNO testing which is fractional exhaled nitrous oxide - correlated to level of lung inflammation

Question 11

What is defined as bronchodilator reversibility?

Answer 11

FEV1 improvement by >12%

Question 12

What is the definition of uncontrolled asthma?

Answer 12

1) Any exacerbation requiring oral steroids, 2) Frequent regular symptoms- using a reliever inhaler 3-4 times in a week, nighttime waking 1 or more times a week

Question 13

How long can the symptoms of whooping cough last for?

Answer 13

Many months

Question 14

Name 3 organisms causing persistent cough

Answer 14

Pertussis, RSV, Mycoplasma

Question 15

What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia?

Answer 15

Streptoccocus pneumoniae

Question 16

What if the cutoff for profound hearing loss?

Answer 16

Patients that can hear 90 decibels or greater

Question 17

Most common mutation for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 17

Autosomal recessive, F508

Question 18

Name 3 features of primary ciliary dyskinesia and what 50% present with

Answer 18

Features- recurrent productive cough, purulent nasal discharge, chronic ear infections. 50% present with dextrocardia & situs inversus (kartagener syndrome)

Question 19

What usually causes obstructive sleep apnoea in children?

Answer 19

Secondary to upper airway obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Question 20

What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in the first 2 years of life?

Answer 20

Viral pneumonia

Question 21

How does a septal haematoma usually present?

Answer 21

Swelling on both sides of the septum but not always- urgent referral to ENT because it can lead to cartilage breakdown and infection

Question 22

When Rinne test is negative what does that mean?

Answer 22

ABNORMAL

Question 23

At what point should you suspect an empyema?

Answer 23

Pyrexial 48 hours post treatment for pneumonia

Question 24

What is the treatment for empyema?

Answer 24

Insertion of pigtail seldinger technique chest drain with connection to collection chamber and underwater seal. Smaller drain is better than a wide bore chest drain

Question 25

What is a dermatological manifestation of mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer 25

Erythema multiforme (target lesions)

Question 26

Which age group is visual tone audiomtery used?

Answer 26

6 months to 2.5 years

Question 27

How is asthma diagnosed using spirometry?

Answer 27

FEV1 reversibility with bronchodilator >12%