Growth & Development

Question 1

What is growth?

Answer 1

Physical size and quantitative changes

Question 2

What is development?

Answer 2

Increase in capabilities or functions

Question 3

What does cephalocaudal development mean?

Answer 3

Growth from head to tail

Question 4

What does proximodistal development mean?

Answer 4

Growth from the center outward

Question 5

How many psychosocial stages are in Erikson’s theory?

Answer 5

Eight stages across the lifespan

Question 6

What is the psychosocial task of infancy?

Answer 6

Trust vs. Mistrust, basic need not meet leads to mistrust

Question 7

How is trust developed in infancy?

Answer 7

Consistent meeting of basic needs

Question 8

What is the psychosocial task of toddlers?

Answer 8

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, constant critism leads shame

Question 9

What supports autonomy in toddlers?

Answer 9

Independence, control of bodily functions, saying no

Question 10

What is the psychosocial task of preschoolers?

Answer 10

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 11

What happens with excessive criticism in preschoolers?

Answer 11

Feelings of guilt and lack of purpose

Question 12

What is the psychosocial task of school-age children?

Answer 12

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 13

What leads to inferiority in school-age children?

Answer 13

Failure to meet expectations

Question 14

What is the psychosocial task of adolescence?

Answer 14

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 15

What cognitive stage are infants in Piaget theory?

Answer 15

Sensorimotor stage, object permanence and separation anxiety develop

Question 16

When does object permanence develop?

Answer 16

Around 9–10 months

Question 17

What cognitive stage are toddlers transitioning into?

Answer 17

Preoperational thought

Question 18

What cognitive stage are school-age children in?

Answer 18

Concrete operations

Question 19

What cognitive stage are adolescents in?

Answer 19

Formal operations

Question 20

What age range defines infancy?

Answer 20

1–12 months

Question 21

What age range defines toddlerhood?

Answer 21

1–3 years

Question 22

What age range defines preschool age?

Answer 22

3–6 years

Question 23

What age range defines school age?

Answer 23

6–12 years

Question 24

What age range defines adolescence?

Answer 24

12–18 years (up to 20)

Question 25

What physical measurements are monitored in infants?

Answer 25

Weight, height, head circumference

Question 26

What type of play do infants engage in?

Answer 26

Solitary play

Question 27

What are early infant language milestones?

Answer 27

Crying, cooing, laughing, squealing

Question 28

How many words does an infant usually say by 1 year?

Answer 28

3–5 words

Question 29

When does separation anxiety begin?

Answer 29

4–8 months

Question 30

When does stranger anxiety begin?

Answer 30

6–8 months

Question 31

When should a child have a head lag?

Answer 31

2 months

Question 32

When should a child be able to hold there head unsupported?

Answer 32

4 months

Question 33

When should a child be able to roll front to back & holds bottles?

Answer 33

6 months

Question 34

When age should a infant be able to sit unsupported and move object from one hand to another?

Answer 34

9 months

Question 35

What age should the infant be able to walk with hand being held and building a 2 block tower?

Answer 35

12 months

Question 36

How should newborn car seats be positioned?

Answer 36

Rear-facing, back seat, 45-degree angle, clips at arm pits

Question 37

How many hours do infants sleep in the first 6 months?

Answer 37

14–15 hours per day

Question 38

When should solids be introduced?

Answer 38

4–6 months

Question 39

What is the first recommended solid food?

Answer 39

Iron-fortified single-grain cereal

Question 40

Why is honey avoided in infants?

Answer 40

Risk of botulism

Question 41

When do teeth typically develop for infants?

Answer 41

2 teeth by 6 months

Question 42

What are injury that commonly occur in infants?

Answer 42

Aspiration, bodily harm, burns, drowning, falls, poisoning, MVA and suffocation

Question 43

What type of play is common in toddlers?

Answer 43

Parallel play

Question 44

What is negativism in toddlers?

Answer 44

Doing the opposite of what is asked

Question 45

How many words does a 3-year-old typically have?

Answer 45

About 50 words and simple sentences

Question 46

How much sleep do toddlers need?

Answer 46

11–14 hours per night

Question 47

When should toddlers begin seeing a dentist?

Answer 47

At 1 year of age

Question 48

What milk is recommended at 1 year?

Answer 48

Whole milk

Question 49

Why should milk intake be limited?

Answer 49

Excess calcium can cause iron-deficiency anemia

Question 50

What cognitive stage are preschoolers in?

Answer 50

Preoperational stage

Question 51

What thinking patterns are common in preschoolers?

Answer 51

Magical thinking, animism, centration

Question 52

What type of play is typical for preschoolers?

Answer 52

Associative and dramatic play

Question 53

How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need?

Answer 53

11–12 hours per night

Question 54

What is the AAP 5-2-1-0 guideline?

Answer 54

Fruits/veggies, screen time, activity, no sugary drinks

Question 55

What cognitive stage are school-age children in?

Answer 55

Concrete operations

Question 56

What is self-esteem?

Answer 56

Feelings of self-worth

Question 57

What is self-concept?

Answer 57

Perception of self compared to others

Question 58

Why is physical activity important in school-age children?

Answer 58

Establishes lifelong habits

Question 59

What is the psychosocial stage of adolescence?

Answer 59

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 60

What cognitive stage occurs in adolescence?

Answer 60

Formal operations

Question 61

What physical changes occur in adolescent females?

Answer 61

Breast development, pubic hair, menstruation

Question 62

What physical changes occur in adolescent males?

Answer 62

Testicular enlargement, voice changes

Question 63

What are major adolescent injury risks?

Answer 63

Motor vehicle accidents, firearms, sports injuries