what did Putnam et al (2016) recommend about laptop use?
students should avoid in lectures as they can distract and impair memory encoding
how much less do students learn when multitasking on laptops?
about 11% less
which study demonstrated reduced learning from laptop multitasking?
Sana, Weston & Cepeda (2013)
how does laptop note-taking differ from handwriting and why is this problematic and who reported it?
Mueller & Oppenheimer (2014), its faster but encourages verbatim note-taking which promotes shallow processing
which studies questioned the strength of the laptop disadvantage?
Urry et al (2021); Voyer et al (2022)
what benefit of note-taking has been consistently shown?
it helps prevent mind-wandering
which study linked note-taking to reduced mind-wandering?
Wong & Lim (2023)
how does processing surrounding lecture material help memory?
encourages elaborative encoding
which study links schemas to learning in education?
van Kesteren et al (2014)
what is the A-B, A-C learning paragigm?
learning relationships that allow inference of B-C
when is inferred learning (B-C) strongest?
when information is schema-congruent
what did van Kesteren et al (2018) show about schemas?
schemas aid generalisation and memory
how accurate were ppts metamemory judgements in van Kesteren et al (2018)?
partially, but underestimated the role of schemas
how can students use schemas effectively?
by connecting new material to previous learning
which study supports preparing before lectures?
Marsh & Sink (2009)
what is the core strategy for effective learning?
active processing of material
why process for distinctiveness?
distinctive info is more memorable
why relate material to prior knowledge?
supports elaboration and schema-based learning
what are the limits of improving encoding?
some strategies are effortful and material-dependent
what is elaborative interrrogation?
generating explanations for why facts are true
when is elaborative interrogation most effective?
with precise, self-generated elaborations and high prior knowledge
which review examined elaborative interrogation?
Dunlosky et al (2013)
why was elaborative interrogation surprisingly limited?
was not very effective for long-term learning
what is elaboration in learning?
actively linking new info to existing knowledge
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cog psych intro19
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intro to sensation and perception53
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vision : from retina to cortex38
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colour perception38
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attention : what is it?41
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attention : what happens to the information we ignore?58
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what determines what we pay attention to?56
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attention and the role of cognitive control56
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memory : capturing the moment72
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memory : using it not losing it71
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the sins of memory72
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hacking your memory53
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intro to speech perception37
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cognitive models and the neural basis of speech perception46
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cognition and language67
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bilingualism69
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language and thought43
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other types of lang55
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psychology of planning47
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psychology of insight35
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psychology of proof50
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psychology of choice40
