Hand

Question 1

Where does the entry of the carpal tunnel start

Answer 1

• starts at the distal wrist crease

Question 2

Which surface of the hand is concave and convex

Answer 2

• palmer is concave
• dorsal is convex

Question 3

How many degrees is the thumb rotated

Answer 3

• 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis to face palmerly

Question 4

Define prehension

Answer 4

• grabbing things

Question 5

How many degrees of freedom does the thumb have

Answer 5

• 2 DOF

Question 6

What motion is the 2nd and 3rd digit locked into and by what

Answer 6

• locked into frontal motion due to ligament restraints

Question 7

What motions doe the 4th and 5th CMC joints have

Answer 7

• flexion and extension
• internal and external rotation

Question 8

ROM for 4th CMC joint

Answer 8

• 20 degrees flexion
• 30 degrees rotation

Question 9

ROM for 5th CMC joint

Answer 9

• 30 degrees flexion
• 20 degrees rotation

Question 10

ROM for 2nd and 3rd CMC joints

Answer 10

• no ROM

Question 11

What direction is roll and slide in for thumb abd/adduction

Answer 11

• opposite directions

Question 12

What direction is roll and slide in for thumb flexion/extension

Answer 12

• same direction

Question 13

Thumb CMC extension is coupled with

Answer 13

• lateral rotation

Question 14

Thumb CMC flexion is coupled with

Answer 14

• medial rotation

Question 15

Describe phase I of opposition

Answer 15

• metacarpal abduction

Question 16

Describe phase II of opposition

Answer 16

• metacarpal flexion and medial rotation

Question 17

What is the closed packed position for the thumb

Answer 17

• full opposition

Question 18

What does the palmer plate do

Answer 18

• it provides stability in MCP extension

Question 19

What connects the 2nd-5th palmer plates

Answer 19

• deep transverse carpal ligament

Question 20

AROM for MCP flexion

Answer 20

• 90 degrees

Question 21

Progression of MCP flexion from 2nd digit to 5th digit

Answer 21

• 2nd has 90 degrees of flexion and every finger after has an extra 5 degrees

Question 22

AROM for MCP extension

Answer 22

• 30-45 degrees of hyperextension at any MCP

Question 23

ROM for MCP abduction

Answer 23

• 20 degrees

Question 24

How many degrees of freedom do MCP joints have

Answer 24

• 2 DOF

Question 25

When is the collateral ligament cords (radial & ulnar) tense

Answer 25

- tense when in flexion

Question 26

What is the closed packed position for MCP joints

Answer 26

- full flexion

Question 27

How many degrees of freedom does the thumb MCP joint have

Answer 27

- 1 DOF

Question 28

How many degrees of freedom does the thumb CMC have

Answer 28

- 2 DOF

Question 29

What direction is roll & slide in at the MCP joint

Answer 29

- same direction

Question 30

What direction is roll & slide in at the PIP & DIP joints

Answer 30

- same direction

Question 31

How many degrees of freedom does the PIP & DIP joints have

Answer 31

- 1 DOF

Question 32

What abducts and adducts the PIP & DIP joints

Answer 32

- collateral ligament cords

Question 33

What is closed packed position for PIP & DIP joints

Answer 33

- extension

Question 34

When are the palmer plates put under tension

Answer 34

- in PIP & DIP extension

Question 35

How much hyperextension is at the PIP joints

Answer 35

- no hyperextension

Question 36

How much hyperextension is at the DIP joints

Answer 36

- 30 degrees

Question 37

ROM for thumb IP joint flexion

Answer 37

- 70 degrees

Question 38

ROM for thumb IP joint extension

Answer 38

- 20 degrees hyperextension

Question 39

What is the position of function

Answer 39

- wrist 20-30 degrees extension - thumb CMC 35-45 degrees abduction & 35-45 degrees flexion - MCPs 45 degrees of flexion - PIP & DIP joints 15 degrees of flexion

Question 40

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

Answer 40

- medial flexor digitorum profundus - flexor carpi ulnaris - hypo thenar muscles - dorsal interossei

Question 41

What is required for isolate PIP or DID flexion

Answer 41

- extensor stabilization

Question 42

What do palmer interossei do

Answer 42

- adduct the digits

Question 43

What do dorsal interossei do

Answer 43

- abduct the digits

Question 44

What structures are in the carpal tunnel

Answer 44

- flexor digitorum profundus - flexor digitorum superficialis - flexor pollicis longus - median nerve

Question 45

What is tenodesis grasp

Answer 45

- full extension of the wrist causes tension in the finger flexors

Question 46

Purpose of the extensor mechanism

Answer 46

- creates tension on both sides to help prevent wiggling

Question 47

Describe finger extension

Answer 47

- at first only extensor digitorum - lumbricals & interosseous prevent hyperextension - intrinsic muscles activate to stabilize and prevent hyperextension of MCP

Question 48

What does the abductor policis longus do

Answer 48

- abducts the CMC joint - extends the MC

Question 49

What does the extensor policis longus do

Answer 49

- extends the IP & CMC

Question 50

What does the extensor pollicis brevis do

Answer 50

- extends MCP & CMC

Question 51

What muscles make up the thenar eminence

Answer 51

- abductor pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis - opponens pollicis

Question 52

What nerve innverates the thenar muscles

Answer 52

- median nerve

Question 53

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles

Answer 53

- unlar nerve

Question 54

What muscles make up the hypothenar

Answer 54

- flexor digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - opponens digiti minimi

Question 55

What is the intrinsic plus position

Answer 55

- PIP & DIP extension - MCP flexion

Question 56

Describe swan neck deformity

Answer 56

- MCP flexion - PIP hyperextension - DIP flexion

Question 57

Describe boutonniere deformity

Answer 57

- MCP extension - PIP flexion - DIP hyperextension

Question 58

Describe mallet finger

Answer 58

- can not extend the DIP joint