Ventilation & Mastication

Question 1

Purpose of the fibrocartilaginous disc

Answer 1

• increases congruence and stability
• decreases contact pressure

Question 2

Describe the temporal mandibular joint structure

Answer 2

• forms the posterior attachment for the fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 3

Where does the fibrocartilaginious disc attach

Answer 3

• attaches to the superior and inferior parts of the retrodiscal lamina
• attaches to the mandible
• attaches to the anterior aspect of the condyle, lateral pterygoid, and articular eminence

Question 4

Describe protrusion

Answer 4

• anterior and inferior translation of the mandibular condyle
• push mandibular anteriorly
• mandibular condyle glides anteriorly on articular eminence

Question 5

Describe retrusion

Answer 5

• posterior and superior translation on of the mandibular condyle
• pull mandible posteriorly
• mandible glides posteriorly on articular eminence

Question 6

ROM for protrusion and retursion

Answer 6

Protrusion: 3-6 mm
Retrusion: 3-4 mm

Question 7

Describe lateral excursion

Answer 7

• ipslat. condyle becomes a pivot after translating posteriorly
• contralat. condyle glides anteriorly, inferior, and swings medially

Question 8

ROM for opening

Answer 8

• mandibular depression
• 35-50 mm

Question 9

Functional ROM for opening

Answer 9

• 25-35 mm

Question 10

Describe closing

Answer 10

• mandibular elevation

Question 11

Describe the movements of the mandibular condyle during opening

Answer 11

• 14 mm of anterior movement when fully open
• disc translate 70 mm anterior and inferior

Question 12

TMJ opening early phase

Answer 12

• first 35-50%
• mandible rolls posteriorly on disc

Question 13

TMJ opening late phase

Answer 13

• remainder
• disc & condyle translate anteriorly on the articular eminenece

Question 14

Describe the temporalis and masseter muscle actions

Answer 14

• bilaterally elevate mandible
• unilaterally excurse to the same side

Question 15

Describe muscle actions of temporalis

Answer 15

• retrudes the mandible

Question 16

Describe medial pterygoid muscle actions

Answer 16

• bilaterally elevates and protrudes the mandible
• unilaterally laterally excurses the mandible on the contralateral side

Question 17

Describe lateral pterygoid superior head muscle actions

Answer 17

• controls the disc and helps position the disc as mandible goes into protrusion/retrusion and elevation/depression

Question 18

Describe lateral pterygoid inferior head muscle actions

Answer 18

• primary mandibular depressor
• protrudes the mandible
• lateral excursion on the contralateral side

Question 19

Describe lateral excursion

Answer 19

• ipsilateral masseter and temporalis
• contralateral medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 20

What muscles open the mouth

Answer 20

• inferior head of the lateral pterygoid
• suprahyoids

Question 21

What muscles close the mouth

Answer 21

• masseter
• temporalis
• medial pterygoid
• superior lateral pterygoid eccentrically controls the disc during closing

Question 22

Forward head posture is coupled with what actions

Answer 22

• protrusion and depression of the mandible

Question 23

What muscles are tensioned in forward head posture

Answer 23

• hyoid muscles

Question 24

Which ribs are true ribs

Answer 24

• ribs 1-7

Question 25

Which ribs are false ribs

Answer 25

- ribs 8-10

Question 26

Where is the costochondral joint

Answer 26

- between the rib and cartilage

Question 27

Where is the chondrosternal joint

Answer 27

- between the cartilage and sternum

Question 28

What ligament holds together the costotransverse joints

Answer 28

- costotransverse ligament capsule

Question 29

Describe vertebrae T11 and T12

Answer 29

- they have full coastal facets for respective ribs - they don't have costotransverse joints

Question 30

Where is T1 vertebra located

Answer 30

- demi facet of half of rib 2

Question 31

Describe ribs mechanics during inhalation

Answer 31

- rib cage swings forward (anteriorly) and up (superiorly) a little bit - as rib cage swings upward it rotates posteriorly

Question 32

Which way does the rib cage rotate during exhalation

Answer 32

- rib cage rotates anteriorly

Question 33

What muscles contribute to quiet inspiration (inhalation at rest)

Answer 33

- diaphragm (mainly - intercostales - scalenes

Question 34

What muscles contribute to forced inhalation

Answer 34

- serratus posterior superior - serratus posterior inferior - levator costarum - sternoclaudomastoid - latissimuss - iliocostalis thoracis & cervicis - pectoralis major - quadratus lumborum

Question 35

Describe tripod breathing posture

Answer 35

- slouching over with your hands on your knees - this posture is mechanically better for breathing

Question 36

What are the muscles of quiet exhalation

Answer 36

- none because it is passive

Question 37

What are the muscles of forces exhalation

Answer 37

- abdominals: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, & transversus abdominis - transverse thoracis - internal intercostals (interosseous fibers)