1
Q
Conductive hearing loss
A
- Obstruction, effusion, otosclerosis, ossicular disruption
- Middle ear
- Weber- heard louder in affected ear
- Rinne AC
2
Q
Sensorineuronal hearing loss
A
- Deterioration of cochlea, hair cells,
- Inner ear
- presbycussis, trauma, excess noise
- Weber- louder in better ear
- Rinne- AC> BC
3
Q
Tinnitus- Eti
A
- Sensory hearing loss
- Hearing abnormal sounds
- Audiometry & MRI/ angio to rule out abns
4
Q
Tinnitus- Sx
A
- Pulsatile- listening to own heartbeat, caused by conductive HL
- Staccato tinnitus- middle ear spasm, rapid popping
5
Q
Tinnitus- Tx
A
- Avoid noise, mask
- Antidepressants
- Habituation
6
Q
Eustachian tube dysfunction- Eti
A
- Following URI/ rhinitis
- Swelling
7
Q
Eustachian tube dysfunction- Sx
A
Fullness, popping, underwater with sharp intermittent pain
- Disequilibrium, conductive hearing loss, tinnitus
8
Q
Eustachian tube dysfunction-Tx
A
Decongestants- pseudophedrine
- Auto-insufflation
- Nasal steroids
9
Q
Acute otitis media- Eti
A
- S. pneumo MC
- Also H. flu, moraxella, strep pyogenes
10
Q
Acute otitis media- Sx
A
- Bulging, erythematous TM with effusion, air-fluid levels
- Fevers and otalgia
11
Q
Acute otitis media- Tx
A
Amoxicillin x 10-14 days,
- Augmentin 2nd line
12
Q
Chronic OM- Eti
A
Pseudomonas
- Recurrent AOM
13
Q
Chronic OM- Sx
A
Chronic otorrhea without otalgia
14
Q
Otitis externa- Sx
A
- Water exposure
- Pseudomonas
- Otalgia on traction & pruritis, discharge
- Erythema of ear canal
15
Q
Otitis externa- Tx
A
- Otic abx- cipro or dexa
- Drying agents- alcohol and vinigar
16
Q
Perforated TM- Sx
A
- Conductive hearing loss
- Hemotypanum
- Hx impact or injury
17
Q
Perforated TM- Tx
A
- Spontaneous healing- ear plugs
- Surg
18
Q
Cholesteatoma- Sx
A
- Painless otorrhea- strong odor
- granulation tissue in TM
- Conductive hearing loss
19
Q
Cholesteatoma- Tx
A
- Surgical excision
20
Q
Cerumen impaction- Sx
A
- Conductive hearing loss, ear fullness
- Occlusion
21
Q
Cerumen impaction- Tx
A
Peroxide, irrigation, curettage
22
Q
Mastoiditis- Sx
A
- Deep ear pain, worse at night
- Mastoid tenderness
- Fever
- Hearing loss, labrynthitis
23
Q
Mastoiditis- Tx
A
IV abx w/ myringotomy- ampicillin
- Mastoidectomy
24
Q
Labrynthitis- Sx
A
- Vertigo, dizziness
- Hearing loss/ tinnitus
25
Labrynthitis- Tx
Corticosteroids
26
Barotrauma- Sx
Vertigo, nausea, emesis
| - Otalgia, hearing loss
27
Barotrauma- Tx
- Decongestants, decompression
28
Presbycusis
- Loss of speech discrimination, hearing with age
| - Tx hearing aids
29
Viral rhinitis
- Common cold
- Nasal conjestion, rhinorhea
- Tx symptoms
30
Allergic rhinitis
- Rhinorrhea, itchy eyes, tearing and injection
- Boggy turbinates, polyps
- Tx antihistamines
31
Nasal polyps
- Visible polyps, people with allergies
| - Tx intranasal steroids
32
Acute sinusitis- Sx
- Impaired mucocilliary clearance- following URI
- S. pneumo
- Maxillary MC- cheek pain, pressure to upper incisors
- TTP, opacification
33
Acute sinusitis- Tx
Amoxicilin
34
Chronic sinusitis
> 8- 12 W
- Staph aureus
- High dose augmentin
35
Vasomotor rhinitis
- Clear nasal discharge d/t dilation of BV
| - Irrigation, andrenergics
36
Epistaxis- Sx
- Anterior MC- Kisselbach plexus
| - Posterior- top of naval cavity or inferior turbinate (hemoptysis, emesis)
37
Epistaxis- Tx
Anterior- Compression
| Posterior- packing to occlude maxillary artery
38
CENTOR criteria
- Age (3-14, >45)
- Absence of cough
- Fever
- Anterior lymph nodes
- Tonsillar exudate
- 2-3: rapid strep
- 4+ treat
- Penicillin
39
Aphthous stomatitis- Sx
- painful yellow ulcer w/ erythematous halo
- Buccal or labial mucosa
- Tx: topical analgesics
40
Oral candidiasis
- C. albicans
- White, curdy plaques
- Painful, bleed if rubbed off
- Tx: Nystatin
41
Herpetic stomatitis
- Burning, vesicles that rupture and scab
| - Tx: acyclovir
42
Decongestant medications- Names
- Oxymetazoline
- Phenylephrine
- Pesudophedrine
43
Decongestant medications- MOA
Smooth muscle, alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
44
Periorbital cellulitis- Sx
- Infxn of paranasal sinus- Strep MC
- proptosis, restriction of extra ocular movements, decreased vision
- Swelling and redness of lids
45
Periorbital cellulitis- Tx
IV abx
46
Corneal keratitis- Sx
- Pain, photophobia, decreased vision
- Corneal ulceration on slit lamp
- Bacterial = hazy cornea
- HSV = dendrites
47
Corneal keratitis- Tx
- Flouroquinolone
| - PO acyclovir
48
Blepharitis- Sx
- Bilateral inflammation
| - Eye itching, burning, crusting, red rimming and flaking
49
Blepharitis- Tx
Eyelid hygeine
50
Hordeolum-
Staph Aureus
- Painful, red lump on eye lid
- Tx warm compress, abx if draining
51
Chalazion
- Hard, non-tender swelling on lids
- Following hordeolum
- eye lid hygeine
52
Conjunctivitis- Sx
- Bacterial- Purulent discharge
- Viral- watery discharge, gritty discomfort
- Allergic- Itching, stringy discharge
53
Conjunctivitis- Tx
- Bacterial- topical sulfamide
| - Gc/ Chlam- ceftriaxone, zithromax
PC 1
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