PC 1 > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Compression fx

A
  • Common in vertebrae, 1 bone against other
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2
Q

Comminuted fx

A

3 + fragments of fracture

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3
Q

Transverse fx

A

Perpendicular to long bone axis

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4
Q

Oblique fx

A

Slanted on shaft of long bone

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5
Q

Greenstick

A

Incomplete twisting, usually in children

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6
Q

Torus/ buckle fx

A

Compression of cortex- bulging of cortical bone

- Distal portion of radius

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7
Q

Soft tissue injuries

A
  • Control hemorrhage
  • Test PV and nerves distal
  • Test joints
  • Exposures, rhabdo
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8
Q

Ottawa knee rules

A

> 55

  • Isolated patellar tenderness
  • Fibular tenderness
  • Unable to flex knee to 90
  • Unable to bear weight
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9
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A
  • 5th metatarsal
  • Navicular
  • Posterior malleoli- lat and med
    • inability to bear weight
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10
Q

Gout- Sx

A

1 joint, lE, 1st metatarsal MC

  • Exquisite tenderness and erythema
  • Urate crystals
  • Negatively birefringent, needle shaped urate crystals
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11
Q

Gout- Tx

A
  • NSAIDs- Indomethacin
  • Colchicine (acute & chronic)
  • Allopurinol
  • Low purine diet
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12
Q

Pseudogout- Sx

A
  • Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
  • Acute, recurrent arthritis- knees and wrists
  • Rhomboid shaped crystals, positivly birefringent
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13
Q

Pseudogout- Tx

A
  • Intrarticular steroids

- NSAIDs, cholchicine

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14
Q

OA- Sx

A
  • Weight bearing joints,
  • Stiffness decreases with rest
  • Best in AM, worst in PM
  • Heberden nodule at DIP
  • Bouchard nodule at PIP
  • Imaging- narrow joint space, osteophyte formation
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15
Q

OA- Tx

A

NSAIDs, steroid injections

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16
Q

Drugs that induce hyperuricemia

A
  • Loop & thiazide diuretics
  • Aspirin
  • Immunosuppressants- cyclosporine and tacrolimus
  • Niacin
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17
Q

Hyperextension of C spine- MOA, Sx

A

Whiplash

  • Neck pain
  • Weakness, numbness, tingling
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18
Q

Hyperextension of C spine- Tx

A

RICE, PT, NSAID

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19
Q

Disc herniation- MOA/ Sx

A

L5-S1

  • Degenerative or heavy lifting
  • Back pain with sitting, numbers or weakness
  • Worst at level of affected disc
  • Cauda eqina
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20
Q

Disc herniation- Tx

A
  • Bed rest, NSAIDs, injections, repair
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21
Q

Acute lumbosacral strain- MOA/ Sx

A

Poor lifting

  • Pain and spasm in lower back muscles
  • Dec. ROM
  • No neuro changes
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22
Q

Acute lumbosacral strain- Tx

A
  • PT

- Brief bed rest

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23
Q

Bicipital tenosynovitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Inflammation of long head bicep tendon
  • Pain with lifting, anterior shoulder
  • Yergason test
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24
Q

Bicipital tenosynovitis- Tx

A

PT, steroids

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25
Rotator cuff tendonitis- MOA, Sx
- Pain with overhead activities, internal rotation - Pain in front of shoulder - Neer and Hawkins
26
Rotator cuff rupture- MOA, Sx
MC shoulder pain - Trauma & overuse - Weakness, atrophy and pain - + empty can, drop arm test - Full PROM
27
Rotator cuff rupture- DX/ Tx
- MRI | - Rehab, NSAIDs, steroids, surgery
28
Subacromial bursitis- MOA/ Sx
- Acutely painful, swelling and focal tenderness | - Full ROM
29
Subacromial bursitis- Dx, Tx
- Aspiration | - Heat, rest, NSAIDs, steroids
30
Lateral epicondylitis- MOA, Sx
- Tennis elbow - Tenderness of lateral epicondyle - Pain with extension
31
Medial epicondylitis- MOA, Sx
- Golfers elbow - Pain with flexion, pronation, pulling activities - Medial epicondyle tenderness
32
Epicondylitis- Tx
- PT - RICE - Braces
33
Olecranon bursitis- MOA, Sx
Trauma, gout, inflammation - Abrupt goose egg swelling - Boggy, tender, red - Limited flexion
34
Olecranon bursitis- Tx
Heat, rest NSAIDs | - Aspiration if suspicions
35
Carpal tunnel- MOA, Sx
- Median nerve entrapment neuropathy - Pain & paresthesias, worse at night - Thumb, pointer, middle fingers - Thenar hypertrophy
36
Carpal tunnel- Dx, tx
- + tinel and phalen - Volar splint - NSAIDS - Surgery
37
Ganglion cyst- MOA, Sx
- Synovial outpouching - At wrist, flexor sheath - Movable, compressible mass - Tx: Steroid injection with aspiration
38
DeQuervian tenosynovitis- MOA, sx
- Inflammation of abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus brevis - Repetitive thumb use- gripping - Pain along radial aspect radiates to forearm
39
DeQuervian tenosynovitis- Dx, Tx
- + Finkelstein | - Thumb spica splint, NSAIDs, steroids
40
Ulnar nerve entrapment- MOA, SX
- Pinky & ring finger paresthesias | - Medial elbow pain, worse with flexion
41
Ulnar nerve entrapment- Dx, Tx
- + tinel sign at elbow - Pain worse with flexion - Wrist immobilization, NSAIDs
42
Duputren contracture- MOA, SX
- Genetic, men 40-60 - Fixed flexion at MCP- 4th & 5th - Nodule over crease, painful
43
Duputren contracture- Dx, Tx
- Clinical dx - Steroid injections - PT, surgical correction
44
Finger/ wrist sprain
- Pain at ligament insertion site - Joint laxity - Tx: immobilzation,
45
Trochanteric bursitis- MOA, Sx
Local, acutely swollen at trochanter | - Heat, rest, NSAIDs, steroids
46
Medial meniscus- MOA, Sx
- Repeated use, micro trauma - Pain, clicking and locking - Antalgic gait, difficulty squatting
47
Medial meniscus- Dx, Tx
- MRI - McMurray test- click with external rotation and varus stress - Analgesics and PT
48
Chondromalacia patellae- MO, Sx
- Runners knee- repetitive use - Softening/ fissureing of patellar articular cartilage - Anterior knee pain BEHIND patella - Worse with flexion
49
Chondromalacia patellae- Dx, Tx
- Apprehension, patellar grind | - PT- quad strengthing, NSAIDS, brace
50
Baker's cyst- MOA, Sx
Synovial fluid effusion at popliteal fossa- d/t meniscal tear - Acing, clicking, locking of knee
51
Baker's cyst- Dx, Tx
US | - Ice, NSAIDs, steroids
52
ACL- MOA, Sx
- MC knee injury - Pivoting - Loud pop, swelling - Non-weight bearing - Stiff knee
53
ACL- Dx, Tx
- Lachman test - MRI - Surgery or therapy
54
PCL- MOA, Sx
- Force to flexed knee | - Large effusion, anterior brusing
55
PCL- Dx, Tx
- Posterior drawer - MRI - Immobilization, Surgery
56
MCL/ LCL- MOA, Sx
- MCL- Valgus stress with rotation - LCL- Varus stress with rotation - Pain, swelling, siffness
57
MCL/ LCL- Dx, Tx
- Sprain or incomplete tear- Control pain, PT, RICE, NSAIDS | - Complete tear- Surgical
58
Hallux valgus- MOA, Sx
- Bunion deformity - Pain, at 1st metatarsal with lateral deviation - Tx: Wide toe box, surgical correction
59
Hammertoe- MOA, Sx
PIP deformity- inflexion - DIP and MTP hyperextended - Pain - Wear larger shoes
60
Ankle sprain- MOA, Sx, Tx
- Anterior talofibular ligament MC - Eversion = deltoid ligament - Pop, swelling, pain - RICE, NSAIDs, strengthening
61
Stress fracture- MOA, Sx
- 3rd metatarsal | - Insideous onset of local, achy pain, swelling and tenderness
62
Stress fx- Dx, Tx
- XR- 50% will not be seen | - RICE, NSAIDs, splint
63
Plantar fasciitis- MOA, Sx
- Inflammation of aponeurosis d/t overuse- flat foot, heel spur - Tenderness, heel pain - Worst in with first few steps
64
Plantar fasciitis- Dx, Tx
RICE, support, NSAIDs
65
Morton neuroma- MOA, Sx
Degeneration of plantar nerve- high heels - Painful mass near tarsal head at plantar surface - Pain with palpation, squeezing forefoot
66
Morton neuroma- Dx, Tx
- Pain in webspaces | - Wide shoes, steroid injection
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