Hell

Question 1

Archaeplastids

Answer 1

group whose plastids came from primary endosymbiosis

Question 2

Algae

Answer 2

photosynthetic eukaryotic protists

Question 3

Macroalgae

Answer 3

multicellular algae with holdfast stipe and blade

Question 4

Holdfast

Answer 4

root-like anchor attaching algae

Question 5

Stipe

Answer 5

stem-like support structure

Question 6

Blade/Lamina

Answer 6

leaf-like photosynthetic surface

Question 7

Thallus

Answer 7

entire algal body (stipe + blade)

Question 8

Phycoerythrin

Answer 8

pigment giving red algae deep-water light absorption

Question 9

Red algae

Answer 9

multicellular algae with phycoerythrin

Question 10

Green algae

Answer 10

chloroplast-bearing algae; paraphyletic

Question 11

Chlorophytes

Answer 11

diverse green algae in freshwater marine and soil

Question 12

Charophytes

Answer 12

closest living relatives of land plants

Question 13

Viridiplantae

Answer 13

chloroplast-containing green plant lineage

Question 14

Embryophytes

Answer 14

land plants with cuticle gametangia and AOG

Question 15

Tracheophytes

Answer 15

vascular plants with xylem and phloem

Question 16

Cellulose synthase rings

Answer 16

wall-building complexes shared with charophytes

Question 17

Sporopollenin

Answer 17

protective polymer on spores and zygotes

Question 18

Cuticle

Answer 18

waxy covering that reduces water loss

Question 19

Stomata

Answer 19

pores for gas exchange

Question 20

Alternation of generations

Answer 20

life cycle with multicellular haploid and diploid stages

Question 21

Gametophyte

Answer 21

haploid plant producing gametes by mitosis

Question 22

Sporophyte

Answer 22

diploid plant producing spores by meiosis

Question 23

Gametangia

Answer 23

multicellular organs protecting gametes

Question 24

Sporangia

Answer 24

organs producing walled spores

Question 25

Apical meristems

Answer 25

growth regions at root and shoot tips

Question 26

Meristems

Answer 26

stem-cell tissues for continuous plant growth

Question 27

Development

Answer 27

formation of tissues and organs

Question 28

Growth

Answer 28

irreversible increase in mass by cell division

Question 29

Plasticity

Answer 29

ability to adjust growth to environment

Question 30

Mycorrhizae

Answer 30

early fungal partners aiding nutrient uptake before true roots

Question 31

Benefits of land

Answer 31

more light CO₂ nutrients and fewer herbivores

Question 32

Challenges of land

Answer 32

drying out and lack of structural support

Question 33

Charophyte evidence

Answer 33

shared traits linking land plants to charophytes