Bone marrow
spongy tissue inside bones that produce RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (thrombocytes)
clotting
a complex, multistep process by which blood forms a protein-based structure (clot) in an appropriate area of tissue injury to prevent excessive bleeding while maintaining perfusion
location of cell producing part of marrow in adults?
flat bones (sternum, skull, pelvic, and shouder girdles
the ends of long bones
with aging, fatty tissue replaces active bone marrow
blood stem cells
unspecialized (undifferentiated) cells that are capable of becoming any type of blood cells, depending on the body’s needs.
committed stem cell (precursor cells)
enters one growth pathway and can at the point specialize (differentiate into only one cell type)
actively divide by requires the presence of specific growth factor for specialization.
ex; erythropoietin is a growth factor specific for RBC
plasma
liquid portion that contains the cells
four types: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin
albumin
maintians the osmotic pressure of the blood, preventing the plasma from leaking into the tissue
globulins
transporting other substances and as antibodies, protecting the body against infection
fibrinogen
activated from fibrin
aid in blood clotting process
prothrombin
vital in the clotting mechanism of the body
RBC (erythrocytes)
largest portion of blood cells
mature RBC have bioconcave disk shape and no nucleus
flexible membrane allows them to change shape without breaking as they pass through narrow, winding capillaries.
varies with gender, age, and general health
what is a essential part of hemoglobin
iron
what oxygen binds
where is RBC destroyed
as membrane become more fragile and are easily destroyed when trapped in the tissues, spleen, and liver.
how many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin molecule transport
4 molecules of oxygen
oxygen dissociation
small drop in tissue oxygen levels increases the transfer of oxygen from hemoglobin to tissue
what triggers RBC production
increase in the tissue need for oxygen
where is RBC growth factor produced
kidneys (erythropoieten)
what substance is needed to form hemoglobin and RBCs?
iron
vitamin B12
folic acid
copper
pyridoxine
cobalt
nickel
lack of these leads to anemia
what is also formed in bone marrow
WBC (leukocytes)
provide protection through inflammation and immunity
the third type of blood cells
platelet (thrombocytes)
smallest blood cells, formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocyte precursor cells
keep blood vessel intact by initiating repair after damage
what growth factor controls platelet production
thrombopoietin
after leaving the bone marrow, stored in the spleen and release slowly to meet the body’s needs
75% circulating and 25% stored in spleen
important accessory organs for blood production
spleen and liver
regulate the growth of blood cells and form factors that ensure proper blood clotting.
what is the spleen made of
white pulp and red pulp
separated by structures known as marginal zone
help balance blood cell production with WBC destruction adn assist with immunity
what are the white pulp filled with?
WBC and plays a role in immunity response
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Exam 176
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chapter 40 pathophysiology of mobility68
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Sickle Cell Disease7
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Hematologic conditions30
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Inflammation and Immunity20
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Chapter 16 Concept of Inflammation and Immunity pp. 316-332123
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chapter 33 assessment of the hematologic system144
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chapter 17 Concepts of Care for Patients with Allergy and Immunity Condition157
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Chapter 34 Concepts of Care for Patient's with Hematologic Conditions pp 828-83356
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Chapter 24 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children pp 569-57141
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Test 248
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Exam 397
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Final Exam28
